Antirretrovirais injetáveis de longa duração como alternativa ao tratamento do HIV - 1: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

The HIV/AIDS epidemic, since the 1980s, has brought significant challenges to global public health. Despite advancements in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), daily adherence to treatment still faces barriers such as social stigma, viral resistance, and logistical difficulties. In this context, long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies have emerged as a promising alternative, reducing the frequency of administrations and potentially increasing treatment adherence. This study presents a scoping review on the use of these medications in the management of HIV, focusing on the combination of cabotegravir and rilpivirine, as evaluated in recent studies. The analysis included 18 articles published between 2020 and 2024, highlighting the clinical efficacy, safety, patient acceptability, and economic feasibility of these therapies. The results indicated high efficacy in maintaining viral suppression, improved treatment adherence, and reduced stigma associated with daily medication use. Although promising, these formulations still face challenges, such as the risk of resistance linked to the pharmacokinetic tail and logistical issues related to their implementation in Brazil. It is concluded that long-acting injectable antiretrovirals represent a significant innovation in HIV treatment, with the potential to improve patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Future studies should explore their feasibility within the context of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and among specific populations in Brazil