Justiça em Platão: o problema da harmonia das almas no Estado Ideal

Abstract

This final course work aims to identify the Platonic conception of justice and its relationship with the problem of the harmony of souls present in The Republic, constituting specific objectives: the characterization of the conception of justice prior to Plato; the identification of the historical aspects in which the Platonic conception was developed and specifying the fundamental aspects in which justice was conceived. The work was developed with a descriptive objective, through a bibliographic procedure, of a basic nature, with a qualitative approach, and through the critical-hermeneutic method used to analyze, interpret and understand the concept of justice, characteristics, historical and fundamental aspects related to the political philosophy developed by the philosopher of Forms. Concluding that the Platonic conception of justice reflects and preserves an ancient conception and ambition of the Greek tradition, the harmony of the pólis, achieved conventionally and momentarily through successive reforms that proved inefficient over time. Platonic justice has, as an innovative factor, not only the separation and specialization of souls (citizens) according to their spiritual preponderance for the exercise of their main and specific functions within the Ideal City, as it intended to engrave the divine Law in the soul of man, and has a multidimensional character, encompassing the entire life of the citizen and the pólis. Thus, constituting the means by which a spiritual harmony between citizens and the city can be achieved