Conjuntos numéricos na educação básica: dos naturais aos complexos e suas aplicações matemáticas

Abstract

This paper presents relevant details on numerical sets ranging from natural to imaginary numbers, showing historical parts and a dynamic context of each set. Supporting these arguments with the speech of some mathematicians about the numerical sets. The dissertation aims to investigate the organization of numerical sets and their elements, from the set theory, showing their importance in mathematics and its application in Basic Education. The sets have the elements perfectly characterized and, among them, were studied in this research the sets of Natural (N), Integer (Z), Rational (Q), Irrational (I), Real (R) and Complexes (C). Finally, a field research was carried out with students of the third year of high school of a public school in Teresina - Piauí, aiming to verify if the students of the last year of Basic Education present the knowledge of numerical sets considered essential to give Continuing mathematics learning without many disabilities, since numerical sets are one of the key prerequisites for a good understanding of math contents. The research was conducted by applying a questionnaire to the students. The answers were tabulated and analyzed from the theoretical framework and the results indicate that there are knowledge gaps that may hinder the formative path of the respondents