A ação discursiva como condição do consenso legítimo em Jürgen Habermas

Abstract

This study centers on the concept of communicative rationality in the thought of Jürgen Habermas, aiming to understand how his theory provides normative structures for communication among participants within a society. To this end, the research adopts a hermeneutic approach, as it seeks to comprehend communicative dynamics in light of the historical context of significant transformations in which Habermas was engaged—particularly during the period when the linguistic turn demanded new perspectives on the understanding of language. In this trajectory, the work also draws upon Hannah Arendt, whose notion of the public sphere contributes to the conception of deliberation as a fundamental political element; and Nancy Fraser, in recognizing that not every discourse that presents itself as democratic is truly inclusive.Within this framework, the research discusses the foundations of communicative action and its role in articulating ethical and democratic principles across the various spheres of human coexistence, addressing language, culture, and the symbols that guide individuals' shared understanding. Likewise, it examines the challenges faced by public communication, from social bonds to the current landscape of rapid transformations, highlighting the fragility of communicative trust. Finally, the study offers a critical reflection on the relevance of Habermas’s proposal today, especially in light of contemporary media dynamics, and points to the potential contributions of communicative rationality in revaluing the public sphere