Análise da distribuição de casos de tuberculose em um município do Oeste Maranhense

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases worldwide, with significant impacts on public health and socioeconomic conditions, especially among vulnerable populations. This study analyzes the incidence of TB in Santa Inês - MA, during the period from 2019 to 2023, aiming to characterize the epidemiological scenario and propose control strategies. Data from institutional sources, such as the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO), indicate that TB is a priority disease, highlighting Brazil as one of the countries with the highest global burden. Despite accessible diagnosis and free treatment through the Unified Health System (SUS), challenges such as late diagnosis, treatment abandonment, and social inequalities persist, exacerbating disease indicators. In Maranhão (States of Brazil), the increase in TB cases in recent years is linked to factors such as poverty, malnutrition, social stigma, and gaps in healthcare infrastructure. In Santa Inês, a municipality experiencing population growth and marked inequalities, a significant variation in reported TB cases was observed, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study’s methodology consisted of a qualitative and quantitative bibliographic analysis, examining epidemiological and socioeconomic data, as well as preventive strategies, such as Permanent Health Education and awareness campaigns. The results indicate that strengthening epidemiological surveillance, training healthcare professionals, and investing in infrastructure are essential to reduce TB incidence. The analysis emphasizes the need for integrated public policies that address the social determinants of health and promote equity in access to services. It is concluded that, although progress has been made, challenges remain significant, requiring a multisectoral approach to achieve the goal of TB eradication by 2035, as recommended by the WHO.