Estrutura agrária no Maranhão: análise da influência no perfil agropecuário do estado

Abstract

The land structure is the way rural properties are distributed and organized in a given region. In Brazil, the land structure is marked by a historical process since colonization that culminated in a poor land distribution. This work aimed to analyze the dynamics of the land structure and verify its effect on the rural (agricultural) and urban sector of the municipalities of Maranhão. The study was carried out using secondary data collected from bibliographic research and documentary research in public archives and statistical sources and considered the analysis period of 1980 and 2017, a period in which the Agricultural Census is available. The research is of the explanatory type. It was made use of the annual growth rate and factor analysis which is a multivariate technique used when we analyze many variables to analyze a phenomenon. The 2017 Census showed that in Maranhão there was a reduction in the number of agricultural establishments and that the number of establishments of size of 10,000 more hectares and reduced by more than 70% the establishments of less than 10 hectares, considerably affecting the family agriculture of the State. This fact is very serious for a poor state such as Maranhão, which the basis of agriculture is familiar, without technical assistance, illiterate and without training for another work. Thus, the land structure is not a problem of the countryside, but a problem of state, because it affects the conditions of rural areas and urban areas as agrarian conflicts and the expulsion of man from the countryside to the city find in the peripheries of cities poverty already established, lack of employment, violence and lack of housing infrastructure