Juventude Rural e as questões do Êxodo Rural no Município de São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the rural exodus in Povoado Natal, located in the municipality of São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, and to characterize the reasons for the departure of young people from rural areas, carry out a survey of information on the socioeconomic situation of young people in the community, identify which public policies influence the permanence of youth in the community. The study was carried out in the year 2022 in the following Lat coordinates: 4º 20'9.92''S; Lon: 44º39'26.72''W. Povoado Natal is formed by a group of 80 families, a survey was carried out with 20 young people from the community. The study approach was carried out in a quantitative and qualitative way, using semi-structured interviews with open and closed questions, data were stored in the Microsoft Excel program for the generation of graphs and tables. Data interpretation was through descriptive analysis. With the results obtained in the research, it can be concluded that there is a large rate of young people who see the rural exodus as a way out for new opportunities in their lives, seeking jobs, education, health and leisure, as these objectives reported by them are impossible to achieve. achieved in rural areas, on the other hand, it ends up weakening the presence of youth in the countryside. The study also determined that the community lacks public policies and, according to the young people, this would be one of the motivating factors for migration, as they do not have access to government authorities, such as credits and land to produce food and generate income within the community