Fitossanidade e potencial fisiológico de sementes fava (Phaseolus lunatus L)

Abstract

Phaseolus lunatus L.is cultivated in almost all regions of the world, with the United States as the largest world producer, followed by Brazil. Despite the relevance, the lack of technical knowledge and the inadequate management of production by farmers have contributed to the production of low quality seeds. It is verified, that the process of drying of the sticks and seeds occurs very often exposed to climatic variations, and that the practice of threshing is done in a handmade way, which causes cracks in the seeds favoring the contamination by pathogens and deterioration. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of different varieties of P. lunatus, collected in "Sertaneja" communities, quilombolas and indigenous ethnic groups in the state of Maranhão. The experiments were conducted in the Seed Laboratory of the State University of Maranhão - UEMA, Campus of São Luís - MA, with ten varieties of P. lunatus: Orelha de vóó (Lot 1), Roxinha (Lot 2), Fava branca (Lot 3), Olho de pombo (Lot 4), Fava cearense (Lot 5), Fava baia (Lot 6), Fava ovo de rolinha (Lot 7), Fava baia (Lot 8), Rajada de vermelho (Lot 9) and Fígado de galinha (Lot 10), where evaluations of water content and physiological and sanitary quality were performed. The varieties of broad beans seeds from different mesoregions of Maranhão State present a germination percentage above 80%. Independently of the production site, the main phytopathogenic fungi in broad beans seeds were: Aspergillus sp., Curvularia sp., Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum truncatum and Macrophomina faseolina