Alterações no solo em função da cronossequência da pastagem em integração lavoura — pecuária — floresta na Amazônia maranhense /

Abstract

The sustainable use of agricultural areas becomes more and more necessary, since the world demand for food has been growing over the years. With this in mind, the cropping system as Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forest (ILPF) is presented as a response to this growth, seeking a more efficient agriculture that does not lead to degradation processes, common in current conventional production systems. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate soil changes, from 2016 to 2020, in pasture areas with ILPF, in the Amazon biome present within the State of Maranhão. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Pindaré Mirim/MA. The land use systems evaluated were: Native Forest, Capoeira, Degraded Pasture, ILPFI (2016 and 2017), ILPF3 (2018 and 2019) ILPFS (2020). To collect undisturbed samples, mini-trenches were opened randomly distributed with the following dimensions 30x30x30 cm, to determine macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and soil density. To evaluate soil fertility attributes and carbon (C) contents and stocks, samples deformed with the Dutch auger at different depths were retained. When analyzing the results, it was observed that in relation to the transition process of a native forest, passing through capoeira, degraded grassland and the ILPF system, it presented a greater carbon stock when the ILPF is already consolidated, showing an increase in the stock of carbon dioxide. carbon over time. The data obtained also indicated that with the follow-up of the ILPF system, the system provides an increase in carbon stock even in the deepest layers. Improving the physical and chemical conditions of the area making it more sustainable. Proving that the use of the ILPF system provided changes in the soil, improving its cultivation conditions, as well as the carbon stock for the soil. Allowing a more sustainable use of the area, avoiding a degradation process resulting from the use of a conventional cropping system