Sementes de plantas daninhas em partidas de soja glycine max (l.) e milho (zea mays) para exportação no porto do Itaqui

Abstract

The production and exportation of soybeans and corn in Brazil is of great importance in the national and international market, due to this or the weed management in the field of production of these grains and indispensable, thus avoiding problems such as loss of quality and quality. Grain and without product price. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the propagules of damaged plants in soybean and corn departures exported in Itaqui port. To identify, the dispersion units were described considering the document's format, size and surface characteristics and the presence of other structures, such as external characteristics. With the use of manuals and literature was investigated for each species found in the samples or common name, the type of reproduction and occurrence in cultures in the Brazilian states. Soon after, databases and percentage reference tables of the species with higher incidence in the samples were built. The work was analyzed at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Maranhão-UEMA, São Luís campus. In the verified analyzes, if there were nineteen weed species, being 47% of the sampled species of eudicotyledonous class, distributed in 9 botanical families and 53% of monocotyledons distributed in 10 botanical families, with them Spermacoce verticillita (Button Sweeper), Borreria latifolia (Hot Herb), Brachiaria humidicola (Brachiaria grass), presented the highest seed values in quantities. As the first two species are difficult to control, the same use of herbicides is widely distributed in Brazilian crops. The paper suggests the need for greater control by exporting companies regarding the presence of propagules of invasive plants, since this occurrence may motivate the entry of importing countries