Épocas recomendadas para o plantio do feijão caupi na Região homogênea de precipitação gerais de Balsas, Maranhão

Abstract

Beans cowpea stands out in the Brazilian Northeast as a culture of great socioeconomic importance. The objective of this work is to establish the best planting times for the cowpea crop in the homogeneous precipitation region of Gerais de Balsas. The study was developed for the homogeneous region of Gerais de Balsas. The data used, such as rainfall history, air temperature and potential evapotranspiration were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET and estimated by the Thornthwaite method. In Maranhão, precipitation is extremely variable spatially and temporally. With data of rainfall and potential evapotranspiration, the growing season was determined. The water availability during the productive cycle of the crop was evaluated by ISNA. The total accumulated precipitation along the growing season was 1082 mm. The replenishment of water in the soil begins in the month of November. Water deficiency is caused by the fact that potential evapotranspiration is greater than rainfall. The sowing of the cowpea, for sandy soils, begins in the last december of October and goes until the second of February. The average texture, has a smaller planting range only, than the TAG, due to its CAD of 36 mm. Clay soils can be sown from the beginning of October to March. Finally the rainy season / growth is favorable to the cultivation of dry cowpea in the region