Avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de semente de fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) produzido em sistema agroecológico no município de Presidente Dutra-MA

Abstract

The fava (Phaseolus lunatus L.) belongs to the Fabaceae family, originally from Guatemala, is the second most important leguminous of the genus Phaseolus, because it has high nutritional value. It contains vitamins, proteins and mineral salts that are essential elements to human nutrition, is one of the alternatives of income and food for the population of the Northeast region. Considering the importance of the culture and cultivation of the varieties of fava for the world and especially, for Maranhão, the present work aimed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds of three varieties of fava (Phaseolus lunatus L) produced in agroecological system in the municipality of Presidente Dutra-MA. The work was carried out in the Seed Analysis laboratory of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, of the State University of Maranhão (UEMA), São Luís-MA, between August and November 2019. Seeds of three varieties of broad beans at BF 95 (Creme Gray), BF 72 (Black) and BF 57 (White) produced in agroecological system were tested for the conduction of the experiment. The fava was produced in a degraded pasture area where several species of spontaneous plants developed and were manually submitted to swidden, and the biomass distributed on the soil surface transforms into organic mateia, beneficial to the development of Culture. For soil repair, the brushing and cutting of the pindovas was performed and after eight days the grading was performed to incorporate organic matter and subsequently made manual sowing. Harvesting and processing were done manual and natural drying. The experimental area is located on bela vista farm – Presidente Dutra, cocais regions. Three varieties of BF 95 (Creme Grey), BF 72 (Black) and BF 57 (White) seeds were evaluated in three temperatures 25º C, 30º C and 35º C and three substrates: paper rolls, between sand and between soil , with four replicates of 50 seeds, the tests were conducted in bod chamber. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme (3x3x3) three varieties x three substrates x three temperatures with four replications of 50 seeds being twenty-seven treatment. The media were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability used agroestat program. The seeds of the three varieties of fava presented moisture degree between 12.63% for fava seed BF 95 (Creme Gray), 12.88% for bf 72 fava (Black) and 11.88% for bf 57 fava (White). Thus, the varieties showed a maximum variation of 0.12% in the humidity degree. The gray fava on the substrate sand at temperature 25°C statistically obtained the best result in relation to germination compared to the others, since higher values indicate better results. The temperature of 25 º C is the best for varieties of fava in conduction of germination test and vigor. The sand and soil substrates are indicated for the three varieties of fava in a test of evaluation of physiological quality.