Dosagem bioquÌmica do sangue, hematócrito e carga parasitria em caprinos naturalmente infectados por helmintos gastrintestinais em três municípios da ilha de São Luís, MA, Brasil

Abstract

The study was conducted seeking to evaluate the gastrointestinal parasitism of young and adults goats of the municipalities of Sao Luis (SL), Sao Jose de Ribamar (SJR) and Pago do Lumiar (PL), with the following variables: eggs and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG and OoPG), parasite load (PL) (light, moderate and heavy), biochemical dosage of blood (BD), hematocrit (Ht) in the dry and rainy seasons (E) and comparison of the Ht and DB with the Famacha® method. Samples of feces were collected from 314 animals, raised on semi-intensive systems, SL (106), SJR (103) and PL (105), and taken, after refrigeration, to the Parasitology Laboratory/UEMA. The parasitological tests were done using the Willis-Mollay, Gordon e Whitlock; Robert and O’Sulivan methods and the infecting larvae were identified by the Ueno e Gongalves key. After counting the OPG of the sampled feces, the CP (light OPG < 500, moderate OPG of 500–1500 and heavy OPG > 1501), was analyzed according to Ueno and Gongalves. The blood was collected from the jugular vein, using disposable needles and a test tube with and without anticoagulant (EDTA) and It was then taken, refrigerated, to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory/UEMA, were it was processed for the evaluation of Total Plasmatic Protein (PT), Albumin (ALBUM), Urea, Creatine (CREAT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Hematocrit (Ht). A form for the study of the hygienic-sanitary management was used in all properties. For the statistical analysis it was used the ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis, Dunn, Tukey, Fischer, Chi-square and Pearson correlation. It was observed a parasitism frequency of 46.17% (145) and 53.82% (169) for the variables age and dry and rainy seasons respectively. Using the chi-square (P>0.05) test it was observed a frequency of 33.79% for young and 60% for adult animals (dry season). During the rainy season young and adult animals showed a frequency of 15.97% and 47.92%, respectively, Fischer's test (P<0.05). Helminthes’ eggs, Cestodes and oocysts of coccids were observed. The OPGs were greater in the adult animals in the dry season; the identified larvae belonged to the Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Cooperia and Oesophagostomum. Among these larvae, the Haemonchus and Cooperia were prevalent and there was a positive correlation, R² = 0.3688 (HAEM) and R² = 0.3927 (COOP), for the animals of Sao Luis; R² = 0.0014 (HAEM) and R² = 0.0145 (COOP) for those in San Jose de Ribamar and R² = 0.6236 (HAEM) and R² = 0.3334 (COOP) in Pago do Lumiar (P <0.001). Rare eggs of Moniezia sp. and Strongyloides sp., were commonly observed in young animals and during the rainy season. The majority of the goats of the municipalities studied presented CP-Light and CP-Moderate and a lower number of CP-Heavy; the chi-square and Tukey analysis indicated a significant difference (P<0.0001). The CP, BD and E-Climatic comparison showed statistical differences for PT, CREAT, ALBUM and Ht, in most of the CP-Light and CP-Moderate (P<0.05; P<0.001; P<0.0001, respectively). In the E-rainy there was a greater frequency of clinical symptoms due to concomitant infection with species of the Eimeria gender, confirmed by the reduction of Ht, ALBUM, PT and ALT, indicating the presence of anemia, metabolic and nutritional disorders, compatible with the Famacha® card. It is concluded that the goats have parasites mixed with the genders of the type Strongyloidea, Rhabdiasoidea, Moniezia sp. and Eimeria spp. There is a relationship among the CP, DB and Ht. The E-rainy is harmful to the animals, and the metabolic and nutritional disorders, along with the reduction of Ht are relevant, with clinical symptoms and parasitism. The Famacha® card is a method to be applied in goat breeding.