Uma proposta de interpretação geoecológica aplicada ao planejamento biorregional do Centro de Endemismo Belém, Amazônia oriental

Abstract

The Amazon Biome occupies approximately an area of 4,196,9443 km², corresponding to 40% of the national territory, consisting mainly of tropical forest, being the richest in biodiversity in the world, and the largest biome in Brazil. In the Amazon, eight areas of endemism are recognized: Belém, Xingu, Tapajós, Rondônia, Inambari, Napo, Imeri and Guiana. An area of endemism is understood as a geographic space defined by containing almost total coincidences of species that do not occur in another place or part of the planet. Areas of endemism have been used as a criterion in choosing areas for conservation. The Belém Endemism Center is responsible for conditioning a vast diversity of ecosystems and populations in its scope, being one of the areas most punished by the result of anthropic actions in the extension of the Amazon. Possessing a vast composition of biodiversity being attenuated as a conservation area. The ecology of landscapes seeks to understand in the geographical and ecological approaches the spatial interactions between the units of the environment under analysis, in this way when studying the natural environments, and the impacts caused to the environment, this science stands out for addressing spatial patterns of the landscape and the interactions with the units (spots), based on the use of metrics. For the production of maps of location, use, Euclidean distance, and calculation of metrics, the Geographic Information System (GIS) software, QGIS 3.16, was used. For the calculation of landscape ecology metrics, the QGIS 3.16 software was used through the Lecos complement (Landscape Ecology Statitics) in which the data for the year 2020 of the MapBiomas project were processed. Having as objective the knowledge of new ecological corridors and elaboration of connectivity scenarios between the remaining natural landscapes of CEB, through the use of landscape ecology metrics. Studies of this nature help in the elaboration of strategies for conservation and environmental recovery, restoring ecological balance and promoting maintenance of biodiversity.