Estudo da cadeia produtiva e avaliação higiênico-sanitária das principais espécies de peixes nativos da baixada Maranhense, Brasil

Abstract

The microregion the Baixada Maranhense is considered the largest collection of lake basins in the Northeast, which predominantly flat land, low and flooding, vegetation, wetlands, fields and fluvial-marine alluvial favors a high biodiversity, especially fish (Costa-Neto et al. , 2001; Gaspar et al. 2005). Thus, the study aimed to study the supply chain and quality higiênicossanitária major native fish species in the micro the low lands to subsidize public policies for local sustainable development. Among the municipalities the low lands, and those selected for the study sample were: Pinheiro, Palmeirândia, São João Batista, São Bento and São Vicente for being in possession of a large lakeside area with lush vegetation that supports fishing intensively practiced in these locations. Information on the characterization of the fishing lake in the region were obtained from the application of 135 questionnaires. For microbiological analyzes were collected 50 samples of water from lakes and fields and 120 native fish distributed equally between the towns and the rainy season (January to June) and dry ( July-December) of the year 2012. The fish samples analyzed included 40 of Traíra (Hoplias cf malabaricus Bloch, 1794), 40 Bagrinho (Trachelyopterus galeatus Linnaeus, 1766), 40 curimatá (Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner, 1907) Arising from fairs and despesca points of each locality. After harvest, we proceeded to sample water for the analyzes of the Most Probable Number (MPN) of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and for samples of fish, Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliform and total coliform count, heterotrophic aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and presence / absence of Aeromonas spp. The results were compared with the official standards. It was found that fishing constitutes a life option, which generates food, income and employment for the communities involved. The artisanal fisheries can not be seen just under the economic perspective. Stands out as art and culture as part of a way of life that should be preserved. Techniques, gear and organization of local artisanal fisheries contribute to reducing the gains from the activity, and result in reduced production of biomass of native fish. The waters of the fields and lakes of the low lands of the municipalities had counts of E. coli at odds with the law. The fish may pose risk of vehicular foodborne illness to consumers due to the presence of micro-organisms such as Aeromonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp .