A " Dança do Fogo" no Centro de Endemismo Belém: uma análise da distribuição dos focos de calor na biorregião entre os anos de 2000 e 2020

Abstract

The Amazon biome corresponds to around 40% of the Brazilian national territory, which is made up of tropical forests and is one of the largest biomes in terms of biodiversity in the world and is one of the largest biomes that make up Brazil. In the Amazon biome, eight areas of endemism are found, one of these areas being the Belém Endemism Center, which is the study area of this research. With this, it is possible to understand an area of endemism as a geographical space in which in these spaces there are certain types of species and animals that do not exist in other places and consequently, these areas of endemism are being criteria in choosing areas to be conserved. The Belém Endemism Center presents the dangers that endemic areas constantly suffer from the loss of biodiversity. Furthermore, there are areas of Conservation Units and indigenous lands in the Belém Endemism Center where thousands of indigenous people of different ethnicities live, and there is great endemic and biological wealth. However, most of the forest remnants are located in these indigenous lands and in the Gurupi Biological Reserve, but the forest is under constant threat, in which these threats are: the occupation of individuals; the deforestation; illegal logging and burning. Fires and hot spots form major problems related to atmospheric pollution and the loss of natural habitats, which reflect on the dynamics of warming and pressure on the surface and are related to anthropogenic and natural events. The monitoring of hot spots is constantly carried out by the National Institute for Space Research, which is carried out by satellites and makes the data available on its platform, which is BDqueimadas, in which this data was used to build maps of hot spots during the years from 2000 to 2020 in QGIS 3.16, with the objective of visualizing the hot spots in the Belém Endemism Center and verifying the quantity of these hot spots