Vacinação contra o Papilomavirus humano (HPV) na cidade de Grajaú - MA: análise da cobertura vacinal

Abstract

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a virus that belongs to the Papillomaviridae family and has more than 200 identified types, 15 of which have oncogenic potential. Non-oncogenic HPV types cause benign genital warts and other lesions of epithelial tissues. Considering all the types of cancer that can be caused by HPV, the control of cervical cancer (CC) is a priority for the Ministry of Health, given its high incidence in the female population worldwide and in Brazil in recent years. The HPV vaccine, which aims to prevent HPV infection and reduce the incidence of cancers caused by it, is a recent technology in the primary prevention of cervical cancer. With this advance, cancers caused by HPV are among the easiest to prevent. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the immunization coverage index (CV) of the Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine (4vHPV) in the municipality of Grajaú-MA. This is a descriptive, retrospective study, with a quantitative approach to data and exploratory in nature, with analysis of secondary data on the coverage of the 4vHPV Vaccine in the municipality of Grajaú-MA, from March 9, 2014 to December 31 de 2021. The historical series presented shows a trend not only in Grajaú-MA, but throughout the country, which is the difficulty in reaching the VC goal of the 4vHPV vaccine. It is noteworthy that the VC for females in 2014 had the highest rate, reaching 81.90% and being the only year in which the goal of 80% was reached. In the following years of the series, for both females and males, the VC was below the target recommended by the Ministry of Health. A relevant point evidenced was the lowest VC for males in all years in which it was possible to compare with females, which shows us that there are still issues to be worked on regarding the importance of immunization against HPV in this population. . In 2017, when males were included as the vaccine's target population, the CV for this population was 9.01%, the lowest in the series. In that same year, the CV for females was 54.79%, a difference of 83.55%. With regard to applied doses, the data found coincide with the VC rates. For females, it was possible to notice that the year with the highest number of doses applied was 2014, with a total of 2,164 doses applied. As for males, we found data subject to discussion from the year 2017, which was the year with the lowest number of doses applied, with 292 doses. The year 2018 stood out with the highest number of doses applied, with an increase of 211%. Regarding the influence of the COVID 19 Pandemic, in the present study there was no negative influence of the pandemic on VC. These findings differ from previously published data, which shows that more studies are needed to elucidate this issue. The results found are important to show how vaccination against HPV is in the municipality of Grajaú-MA, subsidizing new studies in the area and relevant data for the population and public health of the municipality