Estudo ecológico dos casos de tuberculose em idosos no estado do Maranhão no período de 2010 a 2020

Abstract

Tuberculosis is a chronic disease that results from an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, popularly known as Koch's Bacillus, Gaspar, tuberculosis is transmitted from the elimination of bacilli by the respiratory route, and that its infectivity is directly related to the immune status of the contacting. It can also be transmitted by inoculation and food intake. Among the factors contributing to the transmission of TB, the following stand out: urban clusters, precarious sanitary conditions, restricted access to health services, nutritional inadequacy and the presence of multiple diseases, with emphasis on HIV. of notifiable diseases) \SES (State Department of Health), 2020, in that State, a total of 2499 cases were notified, 423 among elderly people aged between 60 - 80+, with the national registry of notifications in the country accounting for 86,551 cases, in that year 2020, ranking, in the last five years, in 4th place among the Northeastern states that have the highest TB incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants. Mendes et al., (2021) adds that even in the face of the various information networks, the population is still not knowledgeable or does not develop preventive care, such as daily personal hygiene, domestic hygiene, good nutrition, physical and laser activity. And also avoid harmful actions such as excessive use of smoking and alcoholism that affect the state of health and facilitates contagion. The elderly public is especially marked by difficulties in diagnosing TB, which is fundamental in reducing complications and deaths, the active search for suspected cases, together with the investigation of contacts or household contacts of cases with a confirmed diagnosis of TB investigation of contacts or intradomiciliary contacts of cases with a confirmed diagnosis of TB, measures such as these allow the early detection of new cases of the disease, in addition to identifying those with latent infection, in order to promote the treatment of the disease in a timely manner, minimizing the risks for the patient and the community. Through the present study, it was possible to carry out several findings regarding the epidemiological aspects of TB in the elderly in Maranhão. In the time period in question, from 2010 to 2020, the prevalence of cases in elderly males of brown ethnicity was highlighted, however, it is also noteworthy that elderly people aged 60 years or older were more intensely affected by the disease , manifested itself mainly in illiterate people or with incomplete primary education