Análise da dinâmica da vegetação do cerrado após ocorrência de fogo no Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas por meio de sensoriamento remoto

Abstract

The Brazilian Cerrado is currently seen as one of the main Brazilian biomes and is considered as one of the main hotspots of preservation of the planet. However, the environment is constantly threatened by human activities, which generate major changes in land use, which are caused by agriculture practices, especially soybean, rice, com and cotton production. Among these activities, the practice of fire is observed, which at many times is beneficiai for the biome, serving as a means of cleaning areas, renewal of pasture, preparation of the soil for plantations, where fire determines phenology cycles, and modifies the structure and diversity of vegetation. However, the uncontrolled practice of fire causes severe damage to the biome, and thus, it is necessary to survey studies aimed at identifying the dynamics of vegetation regeneration after the occurrence of fires to understand how each vegetation behaves in the midst of this event, aiming at the subsidy for the actions of management organs that can prevent and/or control these practices. Thus, through NDVI images ffom the MODIS sensor, we sought to raise a historical series between the years 2000 and 2018 of vegetation índices and a reconstruction of the incidence of fires over the years presented in the region of the Chapada das Mesas National Park - PNCM. The images were pre-processed in a virtual environment of the Rstudio software and through algorithms developed within the TIMESAT program, metrics related to the phenological cycle of vegetation present in the study area were obtained. From preliminary work on the mapping of local vegetation, as well as the regime of fires throughout the PNCM area, it became possible to analyze the average periods of beginning of the phenological cycle, peak vegetation growth, end of the cycle, among other corresponding metrics, to evaluate the effects of fire on vegetation and that in this way the research made feasible the contribution to a better management and monitoring of fire atheist in the areas of the park, since this is one of the greatest richness of the ecosystem of the cerrado biome existing in the State of Maranhão