Avaliação da eficiência de leguminosas herbáceas em reciclar nutrientes e suprimir ervas espontâneas quando consorciadas em sistema de aiéias

Abstract

Cover crops besides they promote protection of the soil and nutrients cycling they can promote significant weed control. That with objective of evaluate the efficiency of four legumes of soil covering in recycling nutritious and weed suppression, when cultivated in the alley of a system whose arboreal component is Clitoria fairchildiana R. A. HoWARD., it was sowed the species: Mucuna aterrma, Cajanus cajan (L.) MlLLSP., Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC.) and Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. in an area in the Municipal district of Miranda do Norte - MA. The experimental desing was randomized bloks, with five replications in plot 40 m . The answer of the legumes of covering to the dry period was varied, the M. aterrima and the C. mucunoides of uncertain development, didn't resist to the peak of the dry period, that was of three months, while the Cajanus cajan and Canavalia ensiformes, that they are bushes of certain growth, they resisted well to the dry period. The Canavalia ensiforme went to more efficient legume in the recycling of nutritious, recycling 61,8 kg N ha"1, 6,1 kg P ha"1, 38,5 kg K ha"1, 35,5 kg Ca ha"1 and 1,6 kg Mg ha"1 on the average. This due to its excellent capacity in producing biomass. That legume fòrmed an alliance with the sombrero can provide an annual 468,64 kg N ha" l, 202,2 kg K ha'1 e 142,1 kg Ca ha"1 to the system. The legumes didn't influence the weed communities' dynamic population significantly. However, a correlation was verified between production of biomass of the vegetable and biomass of the weed, so that the biomass of the weed tends to decrease the increase of the biomass production for the legume. The species Leptochoa virgata (L.) P. Beauv and Panicum laxum Swartz. was dominant in all the treatments including the control