Caracterização de seleções de bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) e manejo de brotações naturais por sobre-enxertia

Abstract

The bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) is a fruit of great occurrence in Maranhão, presents potential of use, but the proper use of the fruit is still limited, mainly due to the lack of technical information about the specie. The bacurizeiro has the capacity to emit numerous shoots of a single plant, however, it exhibits genetic autoincompatibility, resulting in long juvenile period and low productivity. The objective was to characterize the fruits of different selections of bacurizeiro by means of biometric and chemical attributes and to investigate the viability of direct topgrafting in field of shoots of bacurizeiros. Twenty fruits were collected by selection of bacuri, total of eight selections, for determination of mass, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, number of seeds, number of parthenocarpic segments, pulp yield (PY%), bark mass, soluble solids (°Brix), acidity total (% ac citric), soluble solids/acidity ratio and pH. The tografting experiment, it developed in Presidente Juscelino, it consisted in the use of the

selections Domingão and Prata, in the 2017 experiment, replacing the selection Prata by Boa- Vista in the 2018, in which it consisted of combining the selections with the grafting methods,

in full cleft graft and side graft. There was a significant difference for biometric and chemical characters evaluated. High coefficients of variation were observed, indicating genetic variability among the selections and the possibility of taking advantage for the genetic improvement. For the industrial market and in natura consumption, the Domingão (17,07 %RP e 17,87 oBrix) and Mamão (18,33 %RP e 19,47 oBrix) selections stood out. As for the topgrafting, based on those results it can be concluded that the topgrafting directly in the field on natural shoots of bacuri is promising, with rates of 38% of glue and 37% of sprouting at 150 days after grafting, considering the need for more research that adds fundamentals for the application of the technique, such as new genotypes, forks qualities, grafting and level of shading.