Fatores de risco e distribuição espacial da anemia infecciosa equina no Estado do Maranhão, no período 2008 a 2010

Abstract

The objective of this study was to know the frequency of equine infectious anemia in Maranhao state, risk factors associated with the disease and its spatial distribution. Data were collected from the following sources: accredited laboratories, Department of Animal Health Inspection and Supervision of Federal Agriculture in Maranhao, from 2008 to 2010. The descriptive statistical evaluation of variables and univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with the occurrence of the disease were made using the statistical software Stata, version 10.0. The spatial distribution of total tests performed and positive results by municipality in the state was conducted by the Terraview, version 3.5.0. Variables with p <0.20 in univariate analysis were part of the multivariate analysis, remaining in this model that the p <0.05 were considered significant. From the total of 13.986 records request analyzed, 10.63% (1.487) tested positive for equine infectious anemia. The frequencies were 11.22%, 10.80% and 9.77%, for the years 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In every state mesoregions positive animals were identified, however the south of Maranhao had a higher frequency (13.75%). Among the equines, the mules showed the highest percentage of positive animals (15.98%), followed by donkeys (10,96%) and horses (10.08%). The mixed breed horses had a higher number of reagents (16.50%) in relation to crossbred horses (13.72%). Females had higher frequency (12.54%) than males (9.09%) and the disease was more frequent in farms animals (39.17%) compared to the other utilities. It was concluded that the disease is endemic in the state. Risk factors were horses of other breeds as Andalusian apallosa, Arabic, Campolina, Creole, English, Lusitanian, paint horse and magpie (OR = 8.20, 95 % = CI [5.96 – 11.29]) and as protective factors: females (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = [0.22 – 0.42]); sport utility (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.01 – 0,07]) in the age groups > 60 < 120 (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = [0.45 – 0.84]) > 120 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = [0.15 – 0.54]); of farms (OR = 0.11, 95% CI = [0.01 – 0.89]), of mixed race (OR = 0.64, 95% CI= [0.43- 0.95]).