Atuação do enfermeiro na prevenção do câncer do colo do útero

Abstract

Cervical cancer (CCU) occurs due to cellular changes caused by some types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV), whose main form of transmission is through sexual contact when there is direct contact with the infected skin or mucosa. The fact that CC can occur without symptoms in the early stages reinforces the accuracy of proactive early detection measures. Knowledge of the role of nurses in preventing cervical cancer is necessary, as nurses play a multifaceted role. This is an integrative review, which investigates evidence available in the literature over the last 5 years on the role of nurses in preventing cervical cancer. The data were obtained through the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem online (MEDLINE) and BDENF (Nursing Database) databases, which were accessed via Virtual Health Library (VHL). As a result of this selection process, only 13 articles were considered relevant and included in the presentation of results and discussion of this study. To unfold this work, research was carried out in the literature, which aims to answer the guiding question, about nurses' actions in preventing CC, and after reading the selected studies in full, the following categories were suggested: efforts to raise awareness, education and access to health services are essential to reduce the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer; active search for a Pap smear is a fundamental strategy in promoting gynecological health; the role of nurses in the early detection of cervical cancer (CC). The crucial role played by professionais nurses in combating cervical cancer (CC) is highlighted. Several forms of action were identified, including health education, promoting condom use, carrying out Pap smears and administering vaccines