Análise epidemiológica do exame Papanicolau no Município de Santa Inês

Abstract

Cervical cancer is recognized as a significant challenge for public health policies worldwide, given its relevance to female morbidity and mortality. Cervical cancer (CCU) develops when the cells lining the epithelium undergo changes and multiply in a disordered manner, potentially affecting nearby or distant tissues, structures, and organs. This is a progressive and slow disease. Before becoming malignant, there is a precursor lesion in the epithelium that evolves into carcinoma. The Papanicolaou smear is the most widely used method to screen for this pathology, having been performed for over half a century. Based on this, the present study defines the following guiding question for this research: what is the epidemiological profile of altered Pap smear reports in the municipality of Santa Inês? The objective of this research was to understand the epidemiological profile of altered CCCP reports in the municipality of Santa Inês, MA. This research adopted a descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative approach to investigate the epidemiological profile of altered reports; the data were retrieved from SISCAN, and the time frame adopted was from 2019 to 2023, including all reports with alterations during this interval (n=299). The results obtained showed that ASC-US atypia was the most frequent, present in 72% of the reports. Cocci were the most prevalent microbiota, totaling 31%. Most women did not present any infectious agent in the collected sample, but among those who did, Gardnerella vaginalis was the most prevalent. The age group in which alterations were most predominant was women between 35-44 years old. The overall objective of the research was achieved considering the collected information. There was a limitation in the research due to the scarcity of published studies on the topic. However, this allowed filling gaps in the literature and stimulating more comprehensive research. This study was important for the nursing field as nurses play a frontline role in preventing cervical cancer