Impactos da ansiedade na vida dos estudantes universitários: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Anxiety, although inherent to the human condition, is recognized as a prevalent condition in contemporary society. When it exceeds the bounds of normality, it takes on a pathological character. This phenomenon has the potential to adversely impact the health and academic performance of university students. The vicissitudes associated with student life are identified as significant risk factors for the manifestation of mental disorders, with a particular emphasis on anxiety. Objective: Describe the impacts and factors that contribute to anxiety in the lives of university students and their health promotion strategies. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted using the databases Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), and Medical Literature (Medline). The research included English and Portuguese descriptors based on Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and Health Sciences Descriptors (Decs). A total of 607 studies were identified, with 46 articles selected for full reading that met the inclusion criteria, available in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Theses, dissertations, reports, news, editorials, conference abstracts, and duplicates were excluded, resulting in 14 articles included in the study. Results and Discussion: The study addressed four fundamental categories related to the impacts of anxiety on university students. Contributing factors included academic pressures, changes in routine, effects of the pandemic, and individual elements. The analysis of anxiety's impact during COVID-19 revealed a complex dynamic, with in-person and online measures playing distinct roles in reducing intolerance to uncertainty and promoting social support. Crucial strategies such as effective guidance, emotional support, and self-care were highlighted to promote students' mental health. Proposed interventions encompassed virtual activities and the promotion of support networks, recognizing the diversity of students' needs. The vital role of educational institutions in adapting online services and strengthening support networks was emphasized. Conclusion: The results underscored the importance of adaptable strategies to support students' mental health in this challenging context. Therefore, targeted interventions, ongoing support, and a holistic approach are crucial to empower students to face the challenges of academic life with resilience and long-term well-being.