Triagem neonatal: análise do programa de triagem neonatal em um município do leste maranhense

Abstract

Neonatal screening is an essential tool in reducing child morbidity and mortality as long as it is combined with other public health interventions such as access to appropriate health services and the promotion of maternal and child health, since the majority of child deaths in developing countries development are due to poor infrastructure conditions, inefficiency of available services and the socioeconomic conditions of the population. The research aims to analyze the Neonatal S creening Program in the city of Caxias-MA, between the years 2020 and 2021. This is a descriptive, retrospective transverse observational study with a quantitative approach carried out with nurses and managers who worked directly with the Newborn Screening Program in the city of Caxias. Data collection was through a form with 19 questions, obtaining 30 valid responses. As well, primary and secondary data were used from heel, ear, eye, heart and tongue test records, medical records, Live Birth Information S ystem (S INAS C) and others. S ubsequently, analyzed in a specific database generated in the IBM S PS S S tatistics version 25 program. In the study, it was found that the eye test had the highest coverage compared to other tests evaluated between 2020 and 2021 with 30.62% and 64.36%, respectively. However, all neonatal screenings had a lower-than-expected number of tests performed and coverage. The most prevalent diseases identified in neonatal screening were sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies, congenital hypothyroidism and cystic fibrosis. Furthermore, the main barriers to implementation and maintenance were the lack of recording information about altered tests (20%) and ineffective organization and management that includes physical and human resources of the program. Regarding the improvements, there are training of health professionals for collection (97%), the reduction in the time for delivery of results to 1 month after collection (63.3%) and the quantity of materials for neonatal screening is fully and sufficiently provided for demand (100%). It is concluded that the municipality still presents obstacles to achieving effectiveness in reducing child morbidity and mortality.