Diversidade de cochonilhas e parasitoides associados a fruteiras tropicais na ilha de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil

Abstract

The production of lists of insect pests that occur in a given region, as well as their natural enemies is essential to establish management programs. In view of the great State of Maranhão potential for the production of tropical fruit, and that the insects scales are among the insects related to pests of economic importance of these host plants, the aim of this study was to inventory the species of cocóideos, and their parasitoids associated with fruit tree grown in the municipalities of São Luís, São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar (MA). To obtain the insects have been collected monthly between June/ 2014 and August/ 2015 in five producing properties. In each fruit orchard were sampled eight infested plants, by collecting five leaves/ plant. To obtain the parasitoids, scale insects were isolated in Petri dishes and then incubated in BOD chamber, set at a temperature of 26 ° C ± 1 ° C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours, until the emergence of the same. 25 species of scale insects were identified. Except for Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus) and Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Diaspididae), most are first registered for the state of Maranhão. Crypticerya zeteki (Morrison) is recorded for the first time to Brazil. It was found interactions mealybug 46/ fruit tree. The analysis of the population dynamics of cocoideos in growing areas showed lower absolute frequency in rainy season and a population peak in dry season. They were obtained 16 species of parasitoids associated with six species of mealybugs, which are all new records for the State of Maranhão. Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus) showed a greater number of parasitoid species associated (five), whereas Pulvinaria sp.1 (Coccidae) was parasitized by only Encyrtus aurantii (Geoffroy). New interactions between cocóideos and parasitoids were observed: Aphytis sp/ Nipaecoccus sp. and Pulvinaria sp.; Arrhenophagus chionaspidis (Aurivillius)/ C. hesperidum; Cheiloneurus sp. and Metaphycus sp./ A. aurantii (Maskell).