Ecobiologia de hemosporideos em aves silvestres coabitando com aves domesticas em povoados adjacentes ao sitio migratório de Panaquatira Município de São Jose de Ribamar

Abstract

The objective of performing diagnostic haemosporídeos in wild migratory birds in captivity regime and poultry on farms belonging to the adjacent villages Site of Migratory Birds of Panaquatira, São José Ribamar, Maranhão, Brazil, located near the metropolitan area city of St. Louis. 203 blood samples from poultry and wild migratory birds in captivity were collected, 140 samples and 63 Galliformes Anseriformes through puncture of the brachial vein and crest, a drop in blood smears per bird, fixed and stained by Quick Panoptic method, reading performed in 100 microscope fields, with the objective of 100x and 40 in small-scale creations from eight villages. The results showed that 19.7% of infected birds were examined for haemosporídeos, and the infection was diagnosed in Dendrocygna spp. (mallards), with 26.08%; Cairina moschata (duck) with 65.38%; Netta eryhrophthalma (paturi) with 33.33% and Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) with 12.14%. The species of the genus were found haemosporídeos Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium. The Galliformes showed prevalence (monoparasitism) of 10.71 and 1.42% for Leucocytozoon spp. and Plasmodium spp. respectively; while in Anseriformes we noticed the prevalence of 39.07% for Haemoproteus spp. and 3.57% to Leucocytozoon spp. The average rate of infection (IMI) was 24.06 for Leucocytozoon spp. and from 42 to Plasmodium spp. in Galliformes. And 78 for Leucocytozoon spp. and 216 for Haemoproteus spp. in migratory birds of the order Anseriformes. The index of parasitemia (IP) was 0.0361 for Leucocytozoon spp. and 0.0084 to Plasmodium spp. in chickens (Galliformes). While the ducks showed the IP of 0.0156 for Leucocytozoon spp. The Anseriformes had the IP for Haemoproteus spp. from 0.2773 (duck); 0.0278 (paturi) and 0.0864 (mallards). Regarding the profile of the creators, it was found that the behavior, level of knowledge, type of management used in birds, in addition to environmental conditions may favor the introduction, installation, maintenance and dissemination of these haemosporideos, considering the ecosystem as infected bird , the presence of the vector (Diptera), kills (ecotope), deficit of facilities, presence of dams and water; These conditions favor the chain of transmission of parasitic diseases. Moreover, other infectious pathogens (viruses / bacteria) can also be carried by these vectors, necessitating the constant work of monitoring and health education with the creators of the region. It is concluded that the poultry, captive migratory and migratory tamed the villages proximity Site Migratory Bird of Panaquatira, São José Ribamar, MA haemosporídeo present infection of the genus Leucocytozoon spp., Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp, with infection rates and high parsitemia, which may favor the spread of the disease "Avian Malaria" in countryside.