Água nutriente esquecido na produção animal? Abordagem da qualidade química e bacteriológica em granjas avícolas com finalidade para corte na Ilha do Maranhão

Abstract

In recent years, even with the implementation of greater care with water quality in Brazilian poultry, there is still room for improvement. In poultry, regardless of the purpose, water must be given the same importance given to other factors and production processes, such as facilities, food and management. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the chemical and bacteriological quality of water from poultry farms intended for cutting in Ilha do Maranhão and to encourage discussion about the importance of this nutritional component in animal production. As a populational universe of the research, six commercial poultry farms (Gallus gallus domesticus) located on the Island of Maranhão were evaluated. For this, collections were carried out at different distribution points, totaling 17 water samples in the six sampled creations. These were collected aseptically in sterile plastic bags, with a capacity of 500 mL. After collection, the samples were placed in isothermal boxes and immediately transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis (total dissolved solids [TST], pH, total hardness, chlorides, nitrate and sulfate) and bacteriological (Escherichia coli) analyses. The results obtained were compared to Resolution n. 357, of March 17, 2005 of the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) and Joint Circular Letter DFIP/DSA No. 1/2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). In the analysis of the parameters SDT, hardness, chlorides and sulfates, all the analyzed samples were adequate to the requirements of both legislations used in this work for comparative purposes. Already, 64.70% (n= 11/2017) and 17.64% (n= 3/17) were non-compliant for the chemical parameters pH and nitrate, respectively. As for the bacteriological parameter E. coli, 11.75% (n= 2/17) were non-compliant when compared to the Joint Circular Letter DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008. The ideal water to be used in poultry farming should not contain levels greater than 500 mg/L of TDS and the pH should be between 6 and 9. The total hardness should be less than 110 mg/L of CaCO3. Chloride and nitrate levels should be less than 250 and 10 mg/L, respectively. Sulphate levels should not exceed 250 mg/L. The E. coli, bacteriological parameter, must be absent. Considering these individual parameters or together, 76.47% (n= 13/17) of the samples were inadequate for watering birds, which can influence routine activities on the farms (vaccination, application of oral medication and washing and disinfection of facilities), in addition to reduced productivity and the occurrence of diseases.