Avaliação microbiológica de ovos de galinhas provenientes de feiras e mercados do município de São Luís - MA

Abstract

The egg is a food widely consumed by all social strata and especially by low-income people, due to its nutritional quality and easy cost. However, it is described as one of the main causes of Foodborne Diseases (DTA's). to IN 60/2019, RDC 331/2019 and RIISPOA (2020), in addition to analyzing the conditions of its commercialization, external characteristics, and verifying the knowledge of 30 egg sellers about DTA's, factors that interfere with egg quality, safety of food and hygienic-sanitary conditions of handlers through the questionnaire. A total of 150 eggs obtained from 5 fairs and 5 markets were evaluated, where the percentages of 3.33% of egg samples from markets and 6.67% of the fairs were positive for Salmonella spp. The presence of molds and yeasts were detected in 16.67% at fairs and 10% in markets in São Luís - MA. A checklist was applied based on the study by Silva Lima et al 2018 and on RDC n°. 216/2004 (ANVISA), RDC n° 35/2009 (ANVISA), and IN n° 22/2005 (ANVISA) and observed criteria such as validity, temperature, classification, labeling, proximity to other foods, packaging, egg sales area if there is presence of insects and pests and protection against sun and rain, hygienic handling of sellers, totaling percentages of non-conformities at fairs (91.67%) in markets (90.83%). When observing the external characteristics, most of the eggs were dirty (33.33%) and intact (78.89%). Regarding the socioeconomic aspects of the marketers, most were male (53.33%), aged between 26 and 50 years (80%), completed high school (73.33%) and had a monthly income of 1 to salary (33,33%) Regarding the sellers' perception of knowledge of DTA's (86.67%) they had already heard about it, but 63.33% did not know which diseases, 93.33% said they knew that eggs with poor quality can cause diseases and the vast majority believed that refrigeration of the eggs was not important (63.33%) and important to check the validity (83.33%). Regarding the presence of cracked and broken eggs, 22 (73.33%) removed them from sale and 12 (54.55%) threw them away. Regarding cleaning measures, 46.65% said they did it, as well as 57.14% did it with a damp cloth, 66.67% did not know the origin of these eggs and 100% mentioned not wearing gloves. The most used transport from the farm to the establishments was trucks with refrigeration 53.33% and when referring to the relationship between egg integrity and transport 63.33% said it interfered with the quality of the product. It is concluded that the eggs sold in these establishments in the municipality of São Luís - MA are a risk to public health, as they showed the growth of deteriorating and pathogenic microorganisms, in addition, the establishments had irregular conditions during commercialization. Above all, sellers need educational measures that aim to aggregate knowledge.

The search for analgesic techniques in the operative periods motivated the researchers to develop analgesia protocols for each stage of anesthesia. In the trans-anesthetic period, the most commonly used techniques are continuous infusion with association, generally with an analgesic agent (opioid), a local anesthetic and a dissociative anesthetic. Although these techniques provide adequate analgesia for the period, they lack greater power for the immediate postoperative period, since, by the pharmacology of the drugs used, this property would be difficult. Thus, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs began, however, due to the high incidence of adverse effects it becomes an alternative, sometimes unfeasible. For that matter, the search for long-term analgesic alternatives with the least occurrence of undesirable effects is the main motivator of this study, having as its main study object the use of methadone as an alternative because it is an opioid of latency and prolonged duration, although not commonly used in daily anesthetic practice due to the insufficient number of studies that assure its safety when it is used intravenously and associated with other analgesic agents and anesthetics. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiorespiratory changes provided by the addition of methadone to the continuous infusion with lidocaine, ketamine and fentanyl in dogs undergoing ovariosalpingohisterectomy under isoflurane anesthesia, where 20 adult female dogs from surgical routine of the University Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Estadual do Maranhao, with variable body weight, classified as ASA I were used. In order to perform the analysis the animals were divided into two groups randomly, in which Group 1 with 10 dogs was submitted to continuous infusion of ketamine (10μg / kg / min), lidocaine (50ug / kg / min), fentanyl (0.03μg / kg / Min) and methadone (0.2mg / kg / min) and Group 2 received the same infusion without methadone, and during all procedures the animals had their physiological parameters monitored for future evaluation. Regarding the Heart Rate and electrocardiographic tracings, no significant differences between groups em times were observed. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that methadone addition into the continuous infusion with lidocaine, ketamine and fentanyll in female dogs undergoing ovariosalpingohisterectomy under isoflurane anesthesia did not cause cardiorespiratory changes and provided satisfactory analgesia in the immediate postoperative perio.