Os processos formativos por alternância dos jovens rurais e suas atuações no desenvolvimento local: O caso das EFAS do município Lago do Junco – Maranhão

Abstract

This study deals with the formative processes by alternation of the rural young people and their actions in the local development in the EFAs of the Maranhão municipality of Lago do Junco. It was adopted a methodology based on a case study that allowed a qualitative and descriptive approach, using the contributions of the bibliographical and field research. We present, first, the historical elements of Alternation Pedagogy in its international, national, regional and local dimensions. It is concluded that the training processes by alternation for rural young people aiming at an integral formation developed by the Agricultural Family Schools (EFAs), reach and contribute decisively in the local development from the professional insertion in social organizations and in the units of family production. Having as main objective the permanence in the land, over the years the peasants have developed diverse strategies of social and political organization, among them the Field Education that is increasingly permeated by the principles and the agroecological practices. Local Development is one of the fundamental principles of Pedagogy of Alternation, being one of the aims sought by the formative processes. The training processes in the EFA aim at allowing young people to intervene both in the development of the family production unit and in the community. Agroecology is a subject that has increasingly occupied space in the EFAs, tending to consolidate itself as one of the principles of Alternation Pedagogy. It was verified that rural young people from the EFAs have a well-founded understanding of the concepts of Sustainable Development and Agroecology. The main difficulty encountered by young people in their work is access to public policies aimed at youth, such as the National Family Agriculture Program (PRONAF) and the National Land Credit Program (PNCF). Of the 10 young people interviewed, 07 (seven) work in organizations of the farmers and are still attached to the field, did not leave to work in the city