Levantamento epidemiológico dos casos de leishamaniose visceral no município de São Luís -MA no período de 2019 a 2020

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is among the most important vector-borne diseases that occur in Brazil, especially due to its zoonotic character. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of visceral leishmaniasis in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. For this, an exploratory descriptive study was carried out, covering the period from 2019 to 2020, using secondary data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and provided by the Veterinary Unit of Zoonoses (UVZ) of São Luís. Of the human cases reported in this period, socioeconomic variables and related to the clinical characteristics of the disease were analyzed. As for the VL cases in dogs, the variables referring to the characteristics of the affected individuals and the clinical symptoms presented were selected. The relative frequency of the disease in the neighborhoods of the selected municipality was also evaluated. 78 cases of VL in humans were reported in the period evaluated, with the following profile: male (74.36%), self-declared brown (73.08%), age group 20 to 29 and 40 to 49 (35.90%), with incomplete primary education (37.18%), residing in urban areas (44.87%). Most were new cases (84.62%), with co-infection with the HIV virus (41.03%), with evolution to cure (82.50%). Among the dogs, 401 cases were registered in the evaluated period, being 49.63% males, mixed breed (56.86%), aged between 1 and 3 years (38.15%). The most affected neighborhood was Cidade Operária (15.46%). The prevalent symptoms were skin lesions (39.90%). It is concluded that VL still has a frequent occurrence in the city of São Luís, with records in both humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt sanitary measures within the scope of one health to control this zoonosis, in particular the guidance of the local population so that the actions can achieve the desired effect.