Proteínas de reserva e preferência de sitophilus sp. a variedades locais e melhoradas de arroz (oryza sativa l.) cultivadas em diferentes manejos de solos

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in the context of food production and the state of Maranhão. The seeds of local rice develop an important role in ensuring food security of farmers. This work was carried out to evaluate the production, the quantity and quality of protein in grains of seven varieties and traditional seven improved varieties, and the preference for such rice cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on the campus of State University of Maranhão in a randomized statistical design with 4 replications and 3 treatments, which were: only sieved soil (control), soil acidity and fertilized soil and soil from the slash and burning of secondary vegetation (capoeira). We analyzed the physical and morphological varieties (dry weight, height and tiller number), aspects related to production (total production of grains), the protein in grains (the amount of crude protein and protein fractions). The varieties were evaluated according to the preference of Sitophilus sp. the grain in the husk to the content and quality of protein in rice varieties under test with free choice. The varieties in the fertilized treatment had a higher tillering capacity and production, especially the local variety known as rice Preto (Preto). The improved and fertilized varieties had higher crude protein. The varieties of local control achieved greater amounts of glutelin: Agulha, Agulha Branco, Bacaba, Caboclo and Preto. Tha varieties fertilized treatment had lower levels of glutelin, demonstrating that fertilization does not determine the quality of the protein. In the experiment with Sitophilus sp was identified by the preference of this insect by fertilized varieties that had the greatest amount of protein. Was observed that there is a preference of these insects on varieties with higher content of prolamin and lower preference for local varieties with high levels of glutelin.