Levantamento de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em área de cerrado e bioecologia de Anastrepha alveata Stone

Abstract

The objective of this work was to study the infestation of Anastrepha species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in several fruit trees and of Anastrepha alveata in wild plum Ximenia americana (Olacaceae), to describe, through faunistic analysis the specific composition of the community of fruit flies and analyze the population fluctuation in an area of cerrado, in addition, characterize biological and behavioral aspects of A. alveata in wild plum. To this were carried out systematic collections of wild plum tree and other botanical species and traps McPhail model supplied with attractive feed on hydrolysed protein to 5%, in the period of Nov./2014 the Dec./2017, in Sitio das Palmeiras, municipality of Sao Pedro do Piaui, PI. Anastrepha alveata presented high infestation in the wild plum, 144.2 kg/puparia, 216.1 kg/puparia and 321.6 kg/puparia for 2014, 2015 and 2016 years. Were also high rates of infestation of A. obliqua in red mombin Spondias purpurea 146.1 puparia/kg and 479.2 puparia/kg in the years 2016-2017, and in umbu-hog plum Spondias sp. was 607.3 puparia/kg only in 2017. The species of fruit flies community constituents were: A. alveata, A. ethalea, A. obliqua, A. zenildae, A. sororcula, A. fraterculus and Anastrepha sp., the first two were predominant, A. obliqua and A. zenildae the dominant and accessory and the rest were accidental. The population fluctuation of A. ethalea took place between March to October and A. alveata in population presented peaks in the fruiting of wild plum from October to December and A. obliqua in fruiting of red mombin and umbu-hog plum from January to February. With adults obtained from fruits of wild plum, was developed a creating A. alveata, under controlled conditions of laboratory (27 ± 2 °C temperature, 70 ± 5% RH, photoperiod 12:00), during the period Nov./2015 the Oct./2017. One hundred and fifty adults (60 females and 90 males) were selected to determine maturity, schedule and time of copulation, number of copulations and fecundity. The sexual maturity for A. alveata was 5-7 days of emergence for males and for females of 8-13 days and the rhythm of mating is crepuscular/nocturnal. Females of A. alveata not mating with more than one male, but mate more than once. The mean pupal period for A. alveata is 17.5 days and there are two preferred peaks for adult emergence at 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The longevity in A. alveata is greater than 300 days of age and survives without diapause to fruiting of the next year of the wild plum. The longevity in A. alveata is greater than 300 days of age and survives in bioecological activities at the fruiting of the next year of the wild plum. So A. alveata is a univoltine species of strictly monophagous food habit associated with the host wild plum Ximenia americana.