Tuberculose em búfalo (Bubalus bubalis, var. bubalis – Linnaus, 1758): diagnóstico, avaliação da resposta alérgica, fatores de risco, georeferenciamento em rebanhos da Baixada Maranhense – MA

Abstract

The tuberculosis is a chronic infectcontagious disease of slow evolution wherein the clinical signs only will be evidenced in the advanced disease causing significant losses in milk production and meat. In that way, the object of this work was to study tuberculosis in buffalos through diagnosis, allergic response, risk factors and georeferencing in the Baixada Maranhense, Maranhão. The study was performed in 17 cattles, distributed in 7 municipalities of the Baixada Maranhense. Thus, of the 30 municipalities that composes the region of Baixada Maranhense (AGED, 2011), 7 were worked in this research. Were evaluated 17 cattles from the municipalities of Arari, Matinha, Olinda Nova do Maranhão, Pinheiro, São João Batista, Viana e Vitória do Mearim. Were evaluated 477 buffalos, 444 females and 33 males from different races and age varying between 1,5 to 216 months. The animals were submitted to the Comparative Cervical Test (TCC) and the blood samples to the Indirect ELISA test. For each cattle was applied an epidemiologic questionnaire, in order to determine the risk factors associated with the infection of M. bovis. The frequency of positive animals to TCC was 7,58% (n=36). The evaluation of allergic response showed that the average increases the thickness of the fold of buffalo’s skin induced by application of avian and bovine tuberculin, showed averages ranging from 12,24 to 14,82mm and 11,99 to 13,68mm, respectively . of the 455 blood serum evaluated through the technique of indirect ELISA, it was observed that 13.41% (n= 61) of animals reagents. On the basis of the data it can be concluded that the infection with M. bovis is low; the maximum increase of skin thickness was 72 hours after inoculation of tuberculin; were considered risk factors for the transmission of M. bovis, facilities, animal density and performance of tuberculin; The study space demonstrated that infection with M. bovis is distributed homogeneously in the region studied.