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Desafios e perspectivas no desenvolvimento de Política Territorial em Vargem Grande-MA:dos territórios rurais de identidade aos territórios da cidadania

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Desafios e perspectivas no desenvolvimento de Política Territorial em Vargem Grande-MA:dos territórios rurais de identidade aos territórios da cidadania Abstact: The objective of this work is to analyze the challenges and perspectives in the development of Territorial Policy in Vargem Grande – MA. Specific objectives included reflecting on the weakening of territorial development policies in Brazil; in addition to analyzing how the Territórios da Cidadania Vale do Itapecuru Program was formed and its current situation. To achieve the results, the methodology used included qualitative and quantitative research through a literature review, employing the method of Historical and Dialectical Materialism. After the process of redemocratization in Brazil in 1980, the reopening of political dialogues on numerous demands of the country was made possible. From that moment on, social movements resumed their activities and new movements emerged. The discussion of the centrality of the concept of territory and how it becomes the central focus for thinking about territorial development. Based on the data obtained and theoretical discussion, we realize that territorial development policy must be conceived from the multidimensionality and multiple scales of territory, considering the power relations present within it. The territorial development policy underwent significant institutional dismantling during the 2016 coup and the Bolsonaro government, with discussions and reactivation of territories resuming in 2023, under the Lula government. It was also noted that there are institutional disconnections. There is a need for better coordination among government spheres: federal, state, municipal, and civil society to develop territorial development policies. It was concluded that territorial development policies must be institutionalized as state policy so that actions do not suffer dismantling due to a change of government, nor should civil society become disarticulated

Vulnerabilidade à intrusão salina na água subterrânea da Bacia do Rio Tibiri, São Luís – MA

Mon, 01 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Vulnerabilidade à intrusão salina na água subterrânea da Bacia do Rio Tibiri, São Luís – MA Abstact: During the 1970s and 1980s, the city of São Luís began, rather late, a process of industrialization, marked by the birth of the Industrial District in 1980. This was followed by a rapid increase in population density due to intense migration to the capital, resulting in a noticeable change in the demographics inside the Tibiri River basin and its neighboring areas. As a direct consequence of this, we have seen in the last few decades a significant deterioration of groundwater resources due to the occupation of recharging areas of aquifers, as well as the increased pressure on these resources by the city of São Luís. This indicates the city’s need for careful planning and strategizing, in order to protect its aquifers. The aquifers of insular environments become even more prone to saline intrusion, which can occur horizontally, through water that trickles in from the sea, or also vertically, due to the influence of mangroves and estuaries. The presence of mangrove vegetation indicates that saline waters and an estuarine environment are present in all coastal basins of the city of São Luís, such as Tibiri, Anil, Paciência, Bacanga, Rio dos Cachorros, Santo Antônio, Igaraú and more. In the Tibiri River basin, groundwater is used for different purposes in rural communities, for public and private supply in residential areas, and to meet the demand of businesses located in the Industrial District. Given the importance of this watershed, and of the saline wedge problem, the GALDIT method proposed by Chachadi and Lobo Ferreira (2001) is one of the tools that can be used to investigate the vulnerability of the aquifers to saline intrusion, splitting up the area of focus into high vulnerability (>7.5), medium (5 -7.5) or low (<5) classes. As such, this research study will thus apply the Aquifer Vulnerability Chart to Saline Intrusion to the areas of the Tibiri River Basin. This analysis identified the vulnerability classes inside the aforementioned regions, which could then be applied as a decision-making instrument regarding groundwater management in the city of São Luís. The results achieved show a high vulnerability only to the rural area of Mato Grosso, on the left bank of the river, which is heightened due to its location near the mouth of the Tibiri River, where the flow of the tide begins. The rural region of Quebra Pote, Santa Helena, and Itapera do Quebra Pote, located on the right bank of the river, on the lower part of the watershed, was classified as a region of moderate vulnerability. Likewise, the Tibirizinho and Tajaçuaba regions, in the upper part of the basin, also indicated moderate vulnerability. On the left bank of the river, the Andiroba extension to the São Raimundo neighborhood showed low vulnerability to saline intrusion. On the right bank, the communities of Cinturão Verde and Tinaí also showed low vulnerability, despite their proximity to the mangrove area. In addition to the natural processes of estuarine environments, the characteristics of land use in the basin involving residential, industrial, and rural uses, also strain the groundwater resources. The high and moderate vulnerability classes identified in the basin attests the occurrence of the saline wedge phenomenon inside the Tibiri River basin, which, despite being mostly rural, has an insular condition. This research study demonstrates the importance of using knowledge of hydrodynamics data of pipe wells and qualitative groundwater data analysis for the purposes of monitoring the saline wedge behavior and subsidizing measures that will mitigate the salinization of groundwater in the basin.

Patrimônio e valor histórico: uma análise das políticas de salvaguarda e dos riscos contemporâneos na conservação do Centro Histórico de São Luís do Maranhão

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Patrimônio e valor histórico: uma análise das políticas de salvaguarda e dos riscos contemporâneos na conservação do Centro Histórico de São Luís do Maranhão Abstact: The Historic Center of São Luís, state of Maranhão (Brazil) constitutes one of the most significant collections of Portuguese colonial architecture outside of Europe; marked by townhouses, mansions, and churches that form an urban landscape of inestimable cultural value. Designated a national heritage site by IPHAN in 1974 and elevated to the status of a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1997, the historic center has undergone different phases of urban requalification since the beginning of the 20th century, almost always driven by public policies aimed at the conservation of built heritage and cycles of modern society. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of depredation and transformations of the colonial architectural core of the Historic Center of São Luís, in contrast to centuries-old urban conservation, modernity, and the proposals of safeguarding and requalification policies for the federally protected area. Actions related to the Preservation and Revitalization Program of the Historic Center of São Luís, the Dossier, and the title of World Heritage Site are especially considered. This research begins with a critical reading of the interventions proposed by the state at the three levels of political-administrative organization of the territory: Federal, State, and Municipal; represented by autonomous agencies, secretariats, superintendencies, and other departments, such as IPHAN (National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage) and FUMP (Municipal Foundation for the Protection of Historical, Artistic, and Cultural Heritage); evaluating their contributions and contradictions in relation to urban dynamics and the social use of properties – including the permanence of resident communities and the daily flows of the area. It was found that, although these policies have promoted important physical restoration actions, such as the recovery of facades, squares, and public facilities, many of them disregard functional social aspects of territorial maintenance. This results in empty spaces, displacements, and underutilization of restored properties, translated here as risks to conservation. The title of World Heritage Site, although it has brought international recognition, has not in itself guaranteed the sustainability of preservation actions, which continue to fragment the area and the surroundings of the Historic Center. Analyzing the risks to the historical center, such as real estate pressure, architectural degradation, social invisibility, and a lack of coordination between levels of government, reveals urgent needs for new perspectives on heritage. Thus, it is observed that public policies are being adopted that do not integrate with or value heritage, but rather treat it as an object of aesthetic preservation, leaving spaces devoid of experiences, memories, and cultural identities. Prioritizing sustainable uses, such as student housing, the creative economy, and responsible tourism, fostering the protagonism of the local population and ensuring the vitality of the Historical Center as a constantly evolving cultural territory, and thus guiding these heritage safeguarding policies, are the responses to such risks.

Indicadores de qualidade da água superficial como subsídio à gestão de recursos hídricos: o caso da sub-bacia do rio Una, Maranhão

Thu, 02 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Título: Indicadores de qualidade da água superficial como subsídio à gestão de recursos hídricos: o caso da sub-bacia do rio Una, Maranhão Abstact: The recurrent human intervention in water sources alters the natural characteristics of these environments, causing serious problems related to water quality and availability. The state of Maranhão is endowed with one of the largest water networks in the country, with the Una River (Morros, Maranhão, Brazil) as part of this system, which has an important influence on the local economy, due to its use, mainly for tourism activity. in the region. The watershed is considered a planning unit to develop policies aimed at optimizing water resources. Thus, the main objective of the present work was to analyze the physical-chemical, biological parameters and quality indicators of the surface waters of the Una river sub-basin, as an element of diagnosis of environmental quality. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on the theory of integrated landscape analysis, which explains and describes the phenomena existing in the environment. The collections were carried out in two distinct periods, being rainy and dry, where the physical parameters were verified in loco and in the laboratory the chemical and biological indicators. The trophic level was measured by the Trophic State Index (IET), through the model proposed by Lamparelli (2004). The results obtained in the analyzes indicated a good water quality situation in the sub-basin for use in classes 2 according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, with a trophic state characterized as Ultraoligotrophic for all sampling points. However, after performing correlations between the parameters studied and the behavior of land use and land cover classes for the years 2000 and 2020, weaknesses were identified in the points (P2, P3, P4) with greater anthropic influence. Based on this information, prospective scenarios were developed for the mitigation of public policies aimed at conserving natural environments, especially water resources