https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1919 Mestrados e Doutorados Sat, 08 Aug 2026 03:20:53 GMT 2026-08-08T03:20:53Z http://repositorio.uema.br:80/retrieve/33d04b3c-c509-44f5-9289-44ff54a31330/CECEN UEMA.png https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1919 https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6377 Título: A valorização do trabalho docente na educação infantil: reflexos na prática pedagógica do professor em Timon-MA no período de 2014-2022 Abstact: This study delves into the "Valuation of teacher work in Early Childhood Education in the municipality of Timon/MA", between 2014 and 2022, emphasizing the goals related to the valuation of teachers, accordingly to the new National Education Plan (PNE), Act 13.005/2014. This research aimed to address the following question: How does the valorization of teacher work manifest itself in pedagogical practice in Early Childhood Education in Timon, MA? The study then sought to investigate the valorization of teacher work and its impacts on pedagogical practice in Early Childhood Education in Timon, MA, during the period of 2014-2022. As specific objectives, there were: Identify the effects of teacher valorization on pedagogical practice in Early Childhood Education; Describe actions related to the professional valorization of Early Childhood Education teachers in Timon, MA, as outlined in the Career, Positions, and Salary Plan (PCCS); Analyze public policies related to the professional valorization of teachers, taking into consideration the proposals put forth in official documents at the national, state, and municipal levels from 2014 to 2022; Develop and implement a teacher training program for Early Childhood Education, focusing on the policy of teacher work valorization. Based on a qualitative research with an exploratory approach conducted in five Early Childhood Education preschools in Timon, MA. In addition to that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven Early Childhood Education teachers, the Secretary of Education, and the President of the Teachers' Union in Timon. The interview data were processed through content analysis, a technique used to code and categorize the statements of the interviewees, enabling an analysis of the valorization of teacher work in Early Childhood Education, as well as the analysis and processing of empirical and documentary material. Based on the analysis provided by the research participants and authors who address the valorization of Early Childhood Education teachers, as well as official documents such as the 1988 Constitution, the LDBEN No. 9.394/1996, and the PNE (2014-2024), PME of Timon Maranhão (2015-2025), among others, it was found that teacher valorization in the municipality of Timon advanced in some aspects: (i) salary remuneration, which includes compliance with the teacher Minimum Wage policy and the creation of a Career, Positions, and Salary Plan; (ii) investment in ongoing professional development for Early Childhood Education teachers. However, it was noted, based on the teachers' statements, that there is precarity regarding (i) physical infrastructure conditions and (ii) pedagogical resources, which hinder the quality of pedagogical practice and affect the children's development and learning rights. (iii) It was also observed that excessive demands and the lack of physical working conditions for Early Childhood Education teachers lead to health problems. Regarding to the description of actions in the (PCCS), it was noted that there was a restructuring of the document, which expanded improvements for the teaching career, such as creating classes, leave for ongoing professional development, gratifications based on qualifications, and compliance with the minimum wage, among others. As for documents related to national, state, and municipal teacher valorization goals, some progress was observed regarding remuneration and ongoing professional development, while others remained stagnant. Thus, it can be concluded that teacher valorization policies in the municipality of Timon, MA, have made partial progress in terms of remuneration compliance and the provision of ongoing training for Early Childhood Education teachers. However, without the necessary working conditions, pedagogical teaching practices are limited, leading to repercussions on children's learning. In this regard, full infrastructure, pedagogical, and material conditions, as well as special attention to the mental and physical health of teachers, are necessary to provide quality education to children. Fri, 01 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6377 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6376 Título: O conflito de Alto Alegre na memória dos Canelas Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6376 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6372 Título: O uso de metodologia Design Thinking na orientação do TCC no IEMA: contribuições para a formação do professor Abstact: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general analizar la metodología Design Thinking y la formación de docentes para la orientación del TCC en IEMA. La motivación nació del contexto profesional en el que trabajo. El Instituto Estatal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Maranhão (IEMA) y requiere el Trabajo de Conclusión del Curso (TCC) que involucra emprendimiento, innovación, el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y Design Thinking. Con este fin, IEMA promovió un curso de capacitación sobre esta metodología y una tutoría para maestros sobre la metodología. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo indagar en este proceso formativo y sus aportes a la formación docente y desarrollar un producto técnico y tecnológico a través de dicho análisis. Para lograr este objetivo, se optó por una investigación implícita con un enfoque cualitativo. En la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario a través de formularios de google y entrevistas individuales con los participantes. Para analizar los resultados, se utilizó el análisis de contenido, que originó tres categorías: 1) Comprensión sobre la formación docente y la metodología Design Thinking; 2) Percepción de los profesores del IEMA sobre la Metodología Design Thinking; 3) Contribución de la Metodología Design Thinking al proceso de formación docente en la orientación del TCC. La comprensión de estas categorías fue teóricamente apoyada con el diálogo con los autores: Pischetola y Miranda (2021), y Bacich y Moran (2018), Adorno y Horkheimer (1985), Ciavatta y Ramos (2011), Charlot (2013), Manacorda (2013), Saviani (2007), Godotti (2009), Cunha (2000), Manfredi (2000), Paulo Freire (1985), Demo (2014), Candau (2014), Gatti (2018), Maseto (2010), Barbieri (2020), Kronemberger (2019), Rock (2018), Brown (2020), Zeichner (2010), Garrido Pimenta (2005), Mizukami (2003), Ghedin (2006) e Tadhei (2018). Los resultados revelaron que la formación en Design Thinking (curso y mentoring) necesita ser ampliada, llevando a su marco un marco teórico y no restringido al dominio técnico de la metodología en cuestión. Otro aspecto revelado es que la institución cuenta con un cuadro de docentes en el que la mayoría son profesores becados, lo que impacta en el proceso de formación a mediano y largo plazo, ya que el docente no tiene un vínculo efectivo. Fue posible percibir que el proceso de construcción del TCC (cursos y mentoría) contribuyó para la educación continua de los docentes, cuando indican un rediseño en sus prácticas en el aula. A través de este resultado, se elaboró el producto educativo titulado Metodología “Design Thinking en el TCC del IEMA: Aportes de la Formación del Profesorado” y tiene como objetivo contribuir a la formación de profesores en el proceso de orientación del Trabajo de Conclusión del Curso (TCC) de estudiantes del Instituto Estatal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Maranhão (IEMA). Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6372 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6370 Título: Prospecção do Extrato Fresco e Frações de Pariri (Fridericia chica) frente a Aeromonas Patogênicas Multirresistentes a Antimicrobianos Isoladas de Tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) da Ilha do Maranhão Abstact: The presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments represents a challenge to fish health and public health. Given the scarcity of antimicrobials regulated for use in native fish, interest in natural alternatives, such as plant extracts, has increased. Thus, this study aimed to prospect the fresh extract and fractions of pariri (Fridericia chica (Bonpl.) L.G. Lohmann) against pathogenic Aeromonas spp. multidrug-resistant to antimicrobials isolated from tambaqui originating from the Island of Maranhão. For this purpose, 54 bacterial isolates from C. macropomum were used, confirmed as belonging to the genus Aeromonas sp. by phenotypic and molecular tests and characterized as multidrug-resistant to commercially used antibiotics. For the evaluation of the antimicrobial profile, the fresh leaf extract of F. chica and its fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) were prepared through maceration, rotary evaporation, lyophilization, and liquid–liquid partitioning processes. The determination of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extract and fractions was performed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and linear regression, with readings taken using a spectrophotometer, while mass spectra of the fresh extract were determined by direct infusion into a mass spectrometer. The antimicrobial activity of the isolates was evaluated using the fresh extract and fractions, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determined. For MIC determination, resazurin was used as a viability marker by the microdilution method in microplates, and for MBC determination, the spread-plate method with plate count agar was applied. Toxicity assessment was carried out through an in vivo test of the extract and its fractions using 120 larvae of the species Tenebrio molitor. Gentamicin was used as a positive control in both MIC and MBC assays. The fresh extract (3172 ± 1.90) and the ethyl acetate fraction (2605 ± 1.65) exhibited the highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids. Chemical analysis of the fresh extract identified the compounds carajurone (m/z 285.0723) and carajurin (m/z 299.0876). In MIC assays, the ethyl acetate fraction (1.95 µg/mL) and the dichloromethane fraction (15.62–31.25 µg/mL) showed the best performance in inhibiting the growth of the 54 isolates, followed by the fresh extract (39.06–10,000 µg/mL). In contrast, the hexane and aqueous fractions (10,000 µg/mL) were weak inhibitors. Gentamicin exhibited similar antimicrobial activity in both MIC and MBC assays, ranging from 3.12 to 25 µg/mL. Extracts of F. chica showed low acute toxicity in T. molitor, with 100% survival in the controls and a slight reduction in survival rate only at the highest concentration tested for the dichloromethane fraction. It is concluded that the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions of F. chica demonstrated potent to moderate activity against Aeromonas spp. isolates obtained from C. macropomum. The results of this study highlight the potential of F. chica in the control of aeromonosis in tambaqui, contributing to the reduction of synthetic antibiotic use and strengthening actions aimed at biodiversity conservation and ecosystem protection against the spread of antimicrobial resistance. As a way to promote discussion on antimicrobial resistance in aquatic organisms and its direct impact on the One Health approach, an educational guide (illustrated and written in accessible language) was developed, reinforcing the mission of universities to produce and disseminate knowledge both within and beyond academic environments, fostering dialogical interaction, interdisciplinarity, the inseparability of teaching–research–extension, and positive impacts on student education and social transformation. Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6370 2026-01-16T00:00:00Z