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Raiva dos herbívoros na Região da Floresta dos Guarás, Maranhão: interações entre fatores ambientais, socioculturais e a dinâmica de Desmodus rotundus

2025-11-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Raiva dos herbívoros na Região da Floresta dos Guarás, Maranhão: interações entre fatores ambientais, socioculturais e a dinâmica de Desmodus rotundus Abstact: Rabies in herbivores represents a significant sanitary and economic problem for Brazilian livestock production, with the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus acting as the main vector of the rabies virus in rural areas. This thesis analyzed the spatial dynamics of animal rabies in the state of Maranhão and the patterns of livestock attacks caused by vampire bats in the Floresta dos Guarás region, integrating ecological, environmental, and sociocultural factors across different spatial scales. Official data on rabies outbreaks in cattle and equines from 2005 to 2024, records from 475 nocturnal capture expeditions of D. rotundus (of which 384 were successful, corresponding to an 80.84% success rate), and 170 structured interviews with rural producers were analyzed. The analyses included exploratory spatial statistics, Kernel density estimation, the Bivariate Local Moran’s Index (BiLISA), Poisson regression, and Random Forest (RF) predictive modeling, complemented by nonparametric statistical tests. At the state level, rabies showed a heterogeneous spatial distribution, with higher incidence in the northern microregions of Maranhão, positively associated with the loss of surface water (p < 0.05), whereas forest fire frequency and deforestation were negatively associated with rabies incidence (p < 0.05). In the Guarás region, the RF model for predicting vampire bat attacks showed high predictive performance (AUC > 0.80), with livestock density emerging as the most important variable (MDA = 39.86; MDG = 35.99), followed by distance to water bodies. Livestock attacks were predominantly concentrated in areas with lower slope, higher herd density, and less fragmented forest landscapes. A total of 1,174 vampire bats were captured and treated, with a predominance of females (61.0%); however, these interventions were not associated with a proportional reduction in livestock attacks. Interviews revealed that 67.1% of producers reported a history of livestock attacks, with cattle being the most frequently affected species (64.6%), in addition to a low level of knowledge regarding bat ecology and a greater predisposition to roost destruction among producers with lower educational levels and prior attack experience. Overall, the results indicate that rabies occurrence and vampire bat attacks respond differently to anthropogenic landscape changes, although they share common environmental determinants, highlighting the need for integrated strategies that combine epidemiological surveillance, sanitary education, environmental management, and wildlife conservation. As outcomes of this research, a scientific article addressing the effects of deforestation, wildfires, and drought on animal rabies incidence in Maranhão and a technical manual for the ethical management and control of vampire bats, aligned with the guidelines of the National Program for the Control of Herbivore Rabies, were produced

Proposta de uma ferramenta digital para inovação tecnológica na gestão e eficiência no abate sanitário de bovídeos

2026-01-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Proposta de uma ferramenta digital para inovação tecnológica na gestão e eficiência no abate sanitário de bovídeos Abstact: The beef production chain represents a strategic sector for the economy of Maranhão, Brazil, contributing significantly to employment, income generation, and food security. In this context, sanitary inspection plays a critical role in protecting public health by ensuring that animal-origin products comply with established hygiene and safety standards. The effectiveness of these actions depends on information traceability and the proper organization of animal health defense processes. However, the lack of standardized and systematized data compromises responsiveness to sanitary risks and limits the planning of inspection activities. This study aimed to develop a digital tool to support technological innovation and modernization of sanitary inspection of cattle in slaughterhouses. The proposed solution is a multiplatform information system designed for mobile and desktop use, with both online and offline functionality, enabling adaptation to field operational conditions. The methodology included a literature review, technical requirements analysis, and software development, prioritizing usability and functionality. The system, named INSPETEC, is structured into two main modules: (i) support for sanitary inspection activities and (ii) management of slaughterhouse routines and public interaction, enhancing transparency and social participation in sanitary control. The interface was designed based on usability and ergonomics principles, in accordance with ISO 9241-11, featuring an intuitive layout and simplified workflows. Offline functionality with local data storage and automatic cloud synchronization ensures system operability in low- connectivity environments. Key features include digital recording of ante- and post-mortem inspections, application of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) checklists, image attachment, automated report generation, integrated access to current legislation, generation of strategic indicators, and submission of georeferenced reports of illegal slaughter and informal trade with real-time image capture. System testing and validation, approved by a Research Ethics Committee, were conducted in a real-world environment with 38 participants, including official veterinarians, independent professionals, and members of the public. System use occurred over two ten-day periods. User experience was assessed through structured digital questionnaires (Google Forms®), applying the Likert scale and the System Usability Scale (SUS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with Excel® support. Results indicated satisfactory usability (mean score: 2.8) and functionality (mean score: 3.86), with all evaluations exceeding the median. According to SUS classification (0–100 scale), 63.16% of participants rated the system as “good,” 23.68% as “excellent,” and 13.16% as “best imaginable.” It is concluded that INSPETEC is an innovative and potentially unprecedented technological tool in the context of animal-origin food inspection, demonstrating strong alignment with the needs of official services and practical applicability in field conditions. Further studies are recommended to enhance the system, enable integration with other platforms, and adapt it to different regional contexts

A “Via Crucis” para a implantação do serviço de inspeção municipal em municípios maranhenses: desafios, operacionalização, manutenção e inserção social dos agricultores familiares por meio do acesso a mercados

2023-10-30T00:00:00Z

Título: A “Via Crucis” para a implantação do serviço de inspeção municipal em municípios maranhenses: desafios, operacionalização, manutenção e inserção social dos agricultores familiares por meio do acesso a mercados Abstact: The lack of human resources with specific training to carry out the implementation procedures of the Municipal Inspection Service – SIM contributes to the low insertion of animal protein from family farming in formal markets, showing the increasing need for support from public authorities so that public policies achieve the desired result. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the obstacles and propose alternatives for the implementation of the Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) in municipalities in Maranhão, focusing on the challenges, operationalization, maintenance and access to markets. To this end, the study construction process was divided into three stages, starting with the situational survey of the SIM in the state of Maranhão, followed by the identification of the perception of the executors and managers of policies/programs for the commercialization of family farming products on the main obstacles that impede the implementation, operationalization and maintenance of the SIM and ending with the preparation of a Technical Manual entitled “Removing bureaucracy from SIM Implementation: manual for managers and technicians”. In the first stage of the study, a retrospective documentary bibliographical research was carried out, through consultation of reports and databases, electronic and physical from the State Agency for Agricultural Defense of Maranhão, referring to the years 2012 to 2021. In the second stage, it was applied a semi- structured questionnaire for 44 managers/executors of policies to support the commercialization of family farming products, in which the variables analyzed were divided into two blocks of questions: (i) characteristics and functions of managers/executors of policies/programs; and, (ii) level of knowledge about SIM, ending with the main difficulties in inserting animal protein in institutional markets. To prepare the manual, which constituted the third stage of the work, a bibliographic survey was carried out on the topic and using simple language, the content of the e-Book was organized into six modules, aiming to clarify the main doubts of the actors involved, identified during the work. The results obtained show that: i) SIM is absent in most municipalities in Maranhão and in those that are present, its fragility can be seen, which can compromise the quality of animal protein inserted in institutional markets; ii) There is a need for public policies for its implementation, accompanied by greater attention from the state public authorities so that, together with market access policies, they can boost the economy of the municipalities of Maranhão; iii) The implementation of these policies and programs is still institutionally individualized, which, combined with the interviewees' little knowledge about food regulatory policies, can be included in the obstacles to the insertion of animal protein in the Maranhão institutional market. It is concluded that the technical product generated, due to its didactic and guiding nature, can increase the number of municipalities with the SIM implemented and, consequently, contribute significantly to public policies to strengthen family farming, food security and sustainable local development. can have a transformative effect on the quality of life of families and the environment in which they live

Aplicativo NOTIFICA: ferramenta digital para auxílio ao serviço de defesa agropecuária no monitoramento de doenças em rebanhos animais no estado do Maranhão

2024-09-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Aplicativo NOTIFICA: ferramenta digital para auxílio ao serviço de defesa agropecuária no monitoramento de doenças em rebanhos animais no estado do Maranhão Abstact: Compulsory Notifiable Diseases (CNDs) represent a significant limiting factor for animal production and a complicating factor for public health, especially for diseases that lack effective prevention and control mechanisms or those associated with environmental, social, and economic drivers. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of an application with a user-friendly and functional interface, designed to enhance communication and interaction with strategic stakeholders, such as livestock producers, agribusinesses, cooperatives, government agencies, and agricultural science professionals. Inspired by the content and disease notification forms of the e- Sisbravet system. The application was designed to facilitate disease reporting and epidemiological monitoring in Maranhão state, developed using C# with an interface in XAML and employing SQLite for local database storage, the system connects to an MSSQL database through a Web API also written in C#. For validation, 30 students from the State Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Maranhão (IEMA) participated in usability testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) via a Google Forms survey, assessing the app’s functionality and usability. The app received positive acceptance, achieving an average usability score of 61.16. The application was designed to streamline disease notification for agricultural defense in Maranhão and provide rapid access to information on herds and properties, registered with the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI - BR512024002345-3)