https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2860 2026-09-21T19:41:14Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6847 Título: Saberes e práticas de adolescentes sobre métodos contraceptivos Abstact: Adolescence is a period marked by intense physical, emotional, and social changes and is also a stage of greater vulnerability regarding sexual and reproductive health. In this context, knowledge and proper use of contraceptive methods are essential for preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to understand adolescents’ knowledge and practices regarding contraceptive methods. This is a mixed-methods descriptive study conducted with 183 high school students enrolled in public schools in the municipality of Grajaú, Maranhão, Brazil. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing closed- and openended questions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to Bardin’s content analysis. The results showed that 95.1% of the adolescents reported knowing about contraceptive methods, 90.7% recognized their importance in preventing unplanned pregnancy, and 91.3% identified condoms as an effective method for preventing sexually transmitted infections. Male condoms were the best-known and most commonly used contraceptive method among participants. Despite this, only 51.4% reported using any contraceptive method. The main barriers identified were embarrassment, fear of judgment, and lack of information. It is concluded that adolescents have knowledge about contraception and recognize the importance of contraceptive methods in preventing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. However, difficulties were identified in translating this knowledge into regular preventive practices. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen health education actions and expand spaces for dialogue among schools, families, and health services 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6845 Título: Percepção dos enfermeiros sobre os principais desafios enfrentados no tratamento da hanseníase no município de Grajaú, Maranhão Abstact: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, characterized by the involvement of the skin and peripheral nerves. When not diagnosed and treated early, it can lead to physical deformities and permanent disabilities, negatively affecting patients' quality of life, social inclusion, and occupational activities. This study aimed to understand nurses' perceptions of the main challenges faced in the treatment of leprosy in the municipality of Grajaú, Maranhão, Brazil. It is a field study with a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) approach, conducted in Primary Health Care Units (PHCUs) located in the urban area of Grajaú, involving eight nurses working in Primary Health Care. Data were collected through interviews using a structured covering professional training, clinical practice, challenges encountered in patient care, and participants' perceptions of the stigma associated with leprosy. The data were analyzed using an integrated approach, combining qualitative analysis to interpret participants' statements and quantitative analysis to organize frequencies and percentages, while ensuring compliance with ethical research principles and maintaining participants' confidentiality. 2026-07-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6816 Título: O paradoxo da margem equatorial: desafios jurídicos e ambientais da exploração petrolífera na Amazônia Brasileira Abstact: The Amazon region, rich in biodiversity and essential for global climate regulation, has been the target of growing interest in oil exploration, particularly in the Brazilian Equatorial Margin. This activity poses significant challenges to the balance between economic development and socio-environmental protection, especially given the fragility of ecosystems and the presence of indigenous peoples and traditional communities. This article analyzes the main impacts of oil exploration in the Amazon in light of Brazilian environmental legislation, identifying regulatory gaps, enforcement difficulties, and social conflicts arising from the activity. The research highlights the urgency of more effective legal mechanisms capable of ensuring the sustainability of the region and respect for the constitutional rights of local populations 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6768 Título: Cuidados paliativos no Brasil e a efetividade do Direito à saúde digna: limites jurídicos da política nacional de cuidados paliativos Abstact: The increase in life expectancy, the rise in chronic diseases, and technological advances in medicine have significantly transformed the way society has addressed processes of illness, suffering, and end-of-life care. In this context, palliative care has gained increasing relevance in both the legal and healthcare fields, particularly due to its connection with the fundamental rights to health, human dignity, and patient autonomy. This study analyzed the extent to which the legal and institutional limitations of the National Palliative Care Policy have affected the effectiveness of the right to health in Brazil, especially in situations related to end-of-life care. The research was based on the hypothesis that, despite the normative advances achieved in recent decades, the policy still presented legal, financial, and institutional weaknesses capable of hindering its implementation and increasing inequalities in access to services. The general objective was to analyze the legal and institutional limits of the National Palliative Care Policy in light of the fundamental rights to health, human dignity, and patient autonomy. To achieve this objective, the deductive method was adopted, with a qualitative approach, through bibliographic and documentary research based on the analysis of legislation, normative acts, and specialized literature. The findings demonstrated that, although the policy represents an important step toward the incorporation of Palliative Care into the Brazilian Unified Health System, its effectiveness has remained compromised by the absence of specific federal legislation, the fragility of federal coordination mechanisms, the chronic underfunding of public healthcare, and regional inequalities in service provision. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the National Palliative Care Policy depends on the strengthening of its legal, financial, and institutional instruments, an essential condition for the realization of the fundamental right to health. 2026-07-31T00:00:00Z