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Análise da suscetibilidade de Cryptococcus neoformans isolados das fezes de Columba livia no município de Caxias Maranhão

2025-01-30T00:00:00Z

Título: Análise da suscetibilidade de Cryptococcus neoformans isolados das fezes de Columba livia no município de Caxias Maranhão Abstact: The Columba livia was introduced in Brazil around the sixteenth century, being considered a domestic species and, because it has synanthropic characteristics, it easily becomes a reservoir of pathogens, and an important source in the chain of transmission of pathogens, as cryptococcosis, which has as its etiological agent the Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii, however, in a lower frequency. Globally, cryptococcosis recurrences are observed during maintenance therapy, and limited access to drugs facilitates the adaptation of these microorganisms to antifungal agents. In the development of new antifungal drugs, medicinal plants have been highlighted, with research pointing out the fungicidal potential of several species, including some typical of the Brazilian Cerrado region. This research aimed to analyze the susceptibility of environmental isolates of C. neoformans obtained from feces of C. livia, against crude plant extracts and antifungal agents. The study population was composed of feces of Columba livia, collected in urban environments in the city of Caxias, Maranhão. The fungal isolates were identified phenotypically by biochemical tests and microscopy. The tests of sensitivity to plant extracts were carried out using the technique of diffusion in agar Müeller-Hinton, while the tests with antifungal agents were performed using the disc diffusion technique. Of the 36 stool samples collected from C. livia, 69.44% showed growth of colonies of the fungus. The susceptibility tests of C. neoformans strains against raw plant extracts showed variable sensitivity. Extracts A and B were effective in controlling the strains of C. neoformans, and a high number of strains of C. neoformans resistant to amphotericin B and itraconazole was observed. Thus, it was demonstrated that environments in which there are deposits of C. livia excreta, especially in urban areas with human flow are sources for the growth and dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans. The fungal strains presented a pattern of resistance and susceptibility varied in relation to raw plant extracts and antifungals.

Biodiversidade de formigas (hymenoptera:formicidae) em uma área de caatinga no município de Cristino Castro, Piauí, Brasil

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Biodiversidade de formigas (hymenoptera:formicidae) em uma área de caatinga no município de Cristino Castro, Piauí, Brasil Abstact: Brazil is endowed with a rich biodiversity, which is subject to various forms of impacts, which consequently threaten this biodiversity. Thus, the Caatinga, which is a genuinely Brazilian biome, has been suffering over the years with anthropic actions, which has been affecting its fauna and flora, of which there is little information. Given this, this work aims to characterize the community of ants that occur in a Caatinga area in southern Piaui. Using pitfall traps and arboreal traps with bait and without. Two plots were selected, one to be managed and the other to control the ecological patterns. The results obtained were 2,528 specimens, 40 species distributed in eight subfamilies. With the most representative subfamilies Myrmicinae and Formicinae. Therefore, this work is extremely important because it contributed to the knowledge of the epigeic and arboreal myrmecofauna of the Caatinga biome in southern Piauí.

Bacillus thuringiensis: uma análise da produção científica, e estudo sobre fatores abióticos de solos do cerrado na sua abundância e susceptibilidade para larvas de Aedes aegypti

2021-07-27T00:00:00Z

Título: Bacillus thuringiensis: uma análise da produção científica, e estudo sobre fatores abióticos de solos do cerrado na sua abundância e susceptibilidade para larvas de Aedes aegypti Abstact: In the literature in the last 20 years of articles have been published studies related to insect control using different species of bacteria. Therefore, there is a tendency to think that few researchers still dedicate their studies to Bacillus thuringiensis. However, in the present study an analysis of scientific production in the last 20 years was carried out, relating Bacillus thuringiensis to insect control. The overview of the literature showed that research involving this bacterium remained as a line of research of interest to the scientific community. In the two decades of research, the works had different nuances, in the first one, for example, they went deeper into finding new strains. The articles from the second decade, on the other hand, sought to carry out applications, such as the effectiveness of bioinsecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis in relation to plant extracts (Kovendan, et. al. 2012). It was observed that many studies are conducted in different countries and that many of them have a high rate of publications. As for the purpose of the publications, in 20 years most researches are aimed at exploring and knowing about the properties of Bt, without resulting in a direct application to solve a problem.

Utilização da farinha das folhas de ora-pro-nóbis na alimentação de codornas japonesas postura

2024-02-21T00:00:00Z

Título: Utilização da farinha das folhas de ora-pro-nóbis na alimentação de codornas japonesas postura Abstact: Quail farming for laying is a growing activity in Brazil, and is an attractive option for small, medium and large breeders who want to increase their income. However, the main challenge is reducing feed costs, which makes it essential to seek alternative food sources. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of using increasing levels of ora-pro-nóbis leaf flour in the diets of Japanese quails in the laying phase, on performance, egg quality and economic viability of the diets. The trial was carried out at the Instituto Federal do Maranhão, in Caxias-MA, in two stages. In stage 01, the cultivation and bromatological quantification of ora-pro-nóbis was carried out. In stage 2, 160 45-day-old quails were housed in 20 cages with 8 birds each, in a completely randomized design, with 4 treatments and 05 replicates. The treatments were: 0, 10, 20 and 30% of ora-pro-nóbis leaf flour in the diet. Daily, and for 30 days, 1 egg was collected per sample unit, to evaluate the performance and egg quality parameters. The bromatological values found indicated that ora-pro-nóbis can be an alternative ingredient for use in feed intended for quail farming. The use of ora-pro-nobis in the diet showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on laying rate, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass, percentage of shell, albumen and yolk, and on the yolk index and yolk color. Yolk pigmentation was higher in treatments that received 20 and 30% ora-pro-nobis flour, with average values of 10.4 and 10.7, respectively. Consumption, excreta moisture, egg weight and size, specific gravity, shell thickness and Haugh unit were not altered. It is recommended to use up to 20% of ora-pro-nóbis leaf flour in the feeding of laying Japanese quails, as it positively affects the productive performance of the birds, which produce eggs with a higher quality standard compared to conventional diets, in addition to reducing feed costs by R$ 0.03 per bird, and generating a profitability of 81.10%, 1.26% higher than the conventional diet