https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2295 2026-07-03T20:18:22Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6215 Título: Tibraca limbativentris STAL (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Incidência de Parasitoides e Distribuição Espaço-Temporal em Lavouras Orizícolas da Baixada Maranhense Abstact: Tibraca limbativentris (Stal, 1860) is one of the most harmful to rice cultivation in Brazil, as it affects the vegetative and reproductive phases of the plant and causes significant damages in grain yield. To identify the parasitoids that attack the egg and adult phases, besides characterizing the spatial distribution of the pest in the rice fields are important measures for the establishment of Integrated Pest Management programs. The objective of this research was to verify the natural incidence of Tibraca limbativentris parasitoids and their spatiotemporal distribution in rice fields of Baixada Maranhense during the agricultural years of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The inventory of species of parasitoids was carried out from monthly collections of T. limbativentris postures. The leaves and stems with the postures were manually removed from the rice plants. In the space-time analysis, the sampling was performed biweekly. The insects were counted and collected in the stages of development of nymph (except first instar) and adult of T. limbativentris during the vegetative and reproductive phases of rice. To evaluate the distribution of the pest, stakes of 1.10 m height were demarcated in clumps of rice. To identify and describe the new species of adult parasitoid, adult bedbugs of T. limbativentris were collected in rice fields. The adults were sexed and kept in groups of 30 specimens (15 females and 15 males) in plastic bottle with pressure cap and capacity of 750 mL. These pots were inspected daily until emergence of parasitoids of the adult insect of T. limbativentris. In the agricultural year of 2015-2016, there were 1,857 parasitized eggs while in the agricultural year 2016-2017 parasitism was observed in 450 eggs. In the study of spatial distribution for the agricultural year 2015-2106, spatial dependence was aggregated for the nymphs and nymphs + adult phase of T. limbativentris. In the agricultural year 2016-2017, nymphs and adults of T. limbativentris in the vegetative and reproductive phase of rice were distributed randomly. A new species of the genus Hexacladia parasitized the adult stage of T. limbativentris, with a total parasitism rate of 14.2%. It is concluded that the species of parasitoids identified in the eggs were Telenomus sp. aff. podisi (morphospecies A), Telenomus sp. aff. podisi (morphospecies B), Telenomus sp. aff. podisi (morphospecies C), Trissolcus urichi), Ooencyrtus submetallicusand Anastatus sp.; the monitoring of T. limbativemtris should be performed from the plants that are in the border of the plantation area and Hexacladia sp. nov. plays an important role in the natural regulation of T. limbativentris in the Maranhão rice fields. 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6194 Título: Efeitos da densidade de plantas no enriquecimento dos grãos do feijão-mungo-verde com zinco Abstact: In Maranhão, family farmers consider legumes, mainly beans, as a viable option, as is the case with the cultivation of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Because it is a little-known crop in Maranhão, it is necessary to develop technologies and management practices appropriate to the cultivation of the species. Our hypothesis is that increasing plant density and applying zinc (Zn) in the planting furrow and on the foliage of mung bean increases the Zn content in the grains and productivity. Our objective was to evaluate the combined effects of plant densities and levels of Zn applied in the planting furrow and on the foliage on grain productivity and the enrichment of mung bean grains with Zn. Two field trials were conducted, one in São Luís/MA and the other in Chapadinha/MA. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (4 x 2): plant densities (8, 12, 16 or 20 plants/m), and levels of Zn applied in the planting furrow and on the foliage (0 or 9 kg/ha of Zn). A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The Camaleão cultivar was used. The following were analyzed: emergence, initial stand, beginning of flowering, appearance of the first mature pod, plant height, leaf area index, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, dry plant mass, N content in the leaves, grain yield, harvest index and Zn content in the grains. The average Zn content in the grains of plants that received Zn was 17% higher than the average Zn content in the grains of plants that did not receive Zn. With Zn, plant densities did not influence productivity (average = 926 kg ha-1). Without Zn, the average productivity at densities of 12 and 16 plants/m was 31.7% higher than the average productivity at a density of 8 plants/m. At a density of 8 plants/m, Zn increased productivity by 18.6% compared to the control. Our results suggest that, in mung bean cultivation in Maranhão, the application of 9 kg/ha of Zn applied to the soil and foliage is sufficient to enrich the grains with Zn, regardless of plant density. To maximize the productivity of mung bean grains, our results suggest that farmers can use a density of 8 plants/m with Zn fertilization in the soil and foliage or use densities of 12 and 16 plants/m without Zn fertilization. 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5342 Título: Biofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de feijão-caupi: estratégia para a agricultura familiar maranhens Abstact: Agronomic biofortification with zinc (Zn) is an efficient and affordable technique for increasing Zn content in foods. Studies with cowpea (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba) demonstrated that applying 5 kg/ha of Zn to the soil and 4 kg/ha to the foliage increased yield by 18-19%, Zn content by 12-25%, and reduced stink bug infestations. This technique improves the nutritional quality, pest resistance, and sustainable productivity of cowpea. Furthermore, these same studies, conducted in 2022 with cowpea cultivars (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba), demonstrated that the results showed reductions of 25.8% to 39.6% in infestation in cultivars treated with Zn. The BRS Guariba cultivar showed lower infestation, indicating greater resistance. This technique is effective for controlling pests and improving agricultural sustainability 2024-03-29T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/4498 Título: Estabelecimento in vitro de abacaxizeiro cv. Turiaçu e potencial fotoautotrófico em diferentes sistemas de cultivo Abstact: The planting of pineapple 'Turiaçu' carried out in Maranhão, is basically familiar, and conducted in the itinerant system of cutting and burning still going through innovations in the production process. A problem that decreases cv production. 'Turiaçu' and hinders the conquest of new markets is the production of standardized and quality seedlings. Although micropropagation is efficient, a high mortality rate has been observed during the acclimatization process due to physiological changes caused by the in vitro environment. The use of gas-permeable caps and bioreactors is an alternative that can promote the modification of gas exchange in the growing environment and provide greater rusticity to seedlings. Therefore, the general objective of the work was to establish the micropropagation for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate and photoautotrophic potential under alteration in the concentrations of sucrose of the medium in different cultivation systems. For chapter II. The objective of this work was to establish a micropropagation protocol for the pineapple "Turiaçu" as well as to evaluate the multiplication rate under different cultivation systems. The in vitro establishment phase of the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, being four culture media (DM + 2.5 ¿M BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 4 μM de BAP; MS + 2 μM de ANA + 8 μM BAP; and MS + 2 ¿M Of ANA + 12 ¿M BAP) and two types of explants (lateral yolk and stem apex), with 12 replicates per treatment. For the multiplication phase, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), a 3x4 factorial scheme, with three sip-FV, SIP-FM and SIT-PF cultivation systems, four BAP concentrations (4, 8, 12 and 16 ¿M), totaling 12 treatments. The apex explant kaolin of pineapple cv. Turiaçu inoculated in MS medium + 2 ¿M ANA + 8 ¿M BAP presents better responses to in vitro establishment. The results show that turiaçu pineapple using plantform temporary immersion bioreactor (SIT - PF) with the addition of ms + 2 ¿M ANA + 12 ¿M BAP culture medium presents better responses egarding multiplication rates, with great potential for large-scale plant production. For chapter III: the objective was to evaluate different concentrations of sucrose in different cultivation systems in the in vitro elongation and rooting of turiaçu pineapple in order to improve photoautotrophic micropropagation systems. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (IHD), 4x4 factorial scheme, with four cultivation systems: glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps without 17 holes covered by porous membranes to gases (SIP-FV); glass vials with permanent immersion in liquid medium associated with polypropylene caps with two holes of 10 mm each, covered by porous membranes with gases (SIP-FM); Plantform simple bottle temporary immersion bioreactors® (SIT-PF); and temporary immersion bioreactors of ralm® double vials (SIT-RALM), associated with four sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 15 and 30 g L-1), totaling 16 treatments. The results showed that pineapple cv. Turiaçu has photoautotrophic potential, given the development of plants in the absence of sucrose and with the use of systems that enable gas exchange. The treatments BIT-RALM and BIT-PF were what allowed the greatest rusticity for the pineapple plants. In addition, the decrease in sucrose in the culture medium increased the photochemical efficiency of the plants 2022-04-21T00:00:00Z