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Estudo bacteriológico do complexo de doenças respiratórias em bezerros (CDRB) leiteiros do estado do Maranhão

2022-04-06T00:00:00Z

Título: Estudo bacteriológico do complexo de doenças respiratórias em bezerros (CDRB) leiteiros do estado do Maranhão Abstact: This work aimed to carry out the bacteriological study of the bacterial agents involved in the complex of respiratory diseases of calves (CDRB) in the state of Maranhão. A total of 550 calves, distributed among 29 herds, were evaluated, obtaining a total of 45 samples of animals with a clinical picture suggestive of CDRB, representing a frequency of 8.18% (n=45). The frequency of positive herds was 44.82% (n=13) and that of municipalities was 63.63% (n=7). Samples were collected by nasal swab and were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Of the 45 samples, 37 showed bacterial growth on plates. From the cultivated colonies, Gram staining, biochemical tests and antibiogram were performed. The bacteria Mannheimia haemolytica 24.32% (n=9), Pasteurella multocida 18.91% (n=7), Histophilus somni 2.70% (n=1), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 2.70% (n=1), Yersinia sp. 5.40% (n=2), Corynebacterium sp. 5.40% (n=2), Moraxella bovis 21.62% (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.7% (n=1), Staphylococcus sp. % (n=4), Streptococcus sp. 2.70% (n=1), and Arcanobacterium sp. 2.70% (n=1). In the antibiogram, all isolates showed sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (30 μcg), amoxicillin (10 μcg), erythromycin (15 μcg), ceftiofur (30 μcg) and tetracycline (30 μcg) 100% (n=37). The herds visited were georeferenced and the positive animals came from the following municipalities: São João do Caru, Itapecuru- Mirim, Araioses, Bernardo do Mearim, Lima Campos, Igarapé Grande and Poção de Pedra. Thus, it was concluded that CDRB is present in dairy herds in the state of Maranhão and the following bacteria were isolated: Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida., Histophilus somni, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Corynebacterium sp., Moraxella bovis, Yersínia sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Arcanobacterium sp.

Uma avaliação refinada da população e ocupação de dois felinos ameaçados de extinção: o gato-tigre-do-norte (Leopardus tigrinus) e o gato-dos-campos (Leopardus colocola) nos cerrados do Brasil.

2020-03-16T00:00:00Z

Título: Uma avaliação refinada da população e ocupação de dois felinos ameaçados de extinção: o gato-tigre-do-norte (Leopardus tigrinus) e o gato-dos-campos (Leopardus colocola) nos cerrados do Brasil. Abstact: The northern tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus) is one of Brazil’s least studied felids, with no published population density estimates. A potential key conservation unit for the species is Mirador State Park (MSP) in NE Brazil, an area that also hosts humans and domestic dogs. Therefore, we assessed the park’s importance in terms of tiger cat conservation and whether domestic dogs present a threat to the survival of this species. We stablished 52 camera trap stations at three sites and monitored them for a total of 5,030 trap-days. We calculated population densities using spatial and nonspatial methods and relative abundances in MSP and extrapolated these results to the other protected areas and corridor that comprise the northern portion of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve. We conducted a population viability analysis for tiger cats in the park and assessed the potential impact of domestic dogs. The tiger cat density estimates were 0.12 and 0.25 individuals/km2 (nonspatial) and 0.087 and 0.11 individuals/km2 (spatial), whereas the relative abundances ranged from 0.124-2.168 individuals/100 trap-nights. The tiger cat population was estimated at 287 individuals, with 0% extinction probability within the next 100 and 1,000 years, but only in scenarios of mild to no disease outbreaks. Large outbreaks or habitat loss will be detrimental to species survival in the area. Domestic dogs were detected at 80% of the stations where tiger cats were observed. The threat of disease transmission by domestic dogs potentially impacts 65% of the park and seems to be the primary threat for the species there. The northern tiger cat population was estimated at approximately 700 individuals in the entire protected area of the northern savannas, which together with the additional corridor of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve could yield up to 2,000-3,000 individuals. Our results provide the first published density estimates of tiger cats and confirm the potential threat of domestic dogs to this felid in Mirador, thereby confirming the park’s importance as a key area for tiger cat conservation and the need for 15 conservation actions. Given its density and abundance of tiger cats, as well as 50 its area size, compared to other locations in the northern savannas, MSP may be the most important site for the worldwide, long-term conservation of Leopardus tigrinus

Estudo epidemiológico, espacial, molecular e sorológico de Leishmania infantum em cães domésticos no município de Belágua, cerrado maranhense

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Estudo epidemiológico, espacial, molecular e sorológico de Leishmania infantum em cães domésticos no município de Belágua, cerrado maranhense Abstact: Leishmaniosis is a great public health. The disease develops in a complex dynamics that involves environmental, biological and ecological factors that allow the interaction between the parasite, the vector and the host, besides socio economic factor. The objective was to perform na epidemiological, spacial, molecular and serologial study of Leishmania infantum in domestic dogs in the municipality of Belágua, located in Maranhão state. A total of 205 blood samples were collected, questionnaires were applied to the owners in order to obtain epidemiological data and risk factors of this zoonosis and geographic coordinates of the site of samples collection to make a risk map of the disease. For serological diagnosis the samples were submitted to the Indirect Imunifluorescence Test (IFAT), and DNA was extracted to perform the Polimerase Chain Recation (PCR) for molecular investigation. From the total of samples collected 122 (59.51%) were seropositives for Leishmania infantum by IFAT, with titer varying from 80 to 1.280. One dog was positive for IFAT and PCR. In the clinical evaluation it was observed that from the seropositives dogs, 112 (91.80%) were symptomatic e 10 (5.46%) were asymptomatic. In the special analysis, the Kernel density estimator allowed to determine the local major risk for the disease occurrence being the areas of greater concentration of cases were in the neighborhoods of greater number of precarious houses and with lack of basic sanitation. The results demonstrated an association statistically significant ((p<0.05) for the variable presence of organic matter in the environment. This is the first report of L. infantum in dogs in the municipality of Belágua and it is important since it could be an increasing risk for human infection.

Caracterização dos criadouros artificiais de Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus e Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) no município de Lago dos Rodrigues, estado do Maranhão

2025-02-13T00:00:00Z

Título: Caracterização dos criadouros artificiais de Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus e Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) no município de Lago dos Rodrigues, estado do Maranhão Abstact: The preferred artificial breeding containers of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus are predominantly found in residential environments, facilitating the proliferation of these culicids and the transmission of pathogens relevant to One Health. Studies on culicidology are essential for understanding species dynamics and their importance in developing vector control strategies. This study aimed to identify and characterize the artificial breeding containers of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus in the Centro and Pimentel neighborhoods of Lago dos Rodrigues, Maranhão, during the rainy and dry periods of 2023. Direct inspections were carried out in 100 households, selected at intervals of 15 residences, identifying 2,988 potential breeding containers. Of these, 38 (1.2%) and 24 (0.8%) were positive for at least one species during the rainy and dry periods, respectively. Immature forms of Ae. aegypti predominated in both periods (69.0%). Among the six groups of containers analyzed, the storage group (G4) showed the highest positivity for immatures in both periods (H = 92,27; p < 0.0001). During the rainy period, containers in the disposables and jars group (G1) showed higher productivity for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, while the storage group (G4) was the most productive for these species during the dry period. Aedes albopictus showed higher productivity in containers from the storage group (G4) in both periods. Regarding the characteristics of positive containers, in both periods, the majority had a capacity of 1 to 50 liters of water (42.0%), were protected from sunlight (45.1%), contained organic matter (90.3%), were open (66.1%), and were located in the peridomestic area (85.4%). A weak but significant negative correlation was observed between the number of immatures collected per day and minimum (rs = -0.39; p = 0.02) and maximum temperatures (rs = -0.38; p = 0.02), as well as a weak but significant positive correlation with precipitation (rs = 0.38; p = 0.03) in both periods. The identification and characterization of the preferred types of artificial breeding containers for mosquito immatures, combined with an understanding of the ecology of these species and their seasonal distribution in the municipality of Lago dos Rodrigues, provide essential information for the planning and implementing of effective control strategies aimed at reducing the proliferation of these vectors in the region