https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2170 2026-04-18T22:15:43Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5686 Título: A percepção de agricultores familiares sobre indicadores da qualidade do solo em comunidades da zona rural de São Luís - MA) Abstact: Increasing production in agricultural systems requires a lot of understanding of how farmers develop and use their knowledge about local soil types and bioindicators of soil quality, such as insights into plant species and macrofauna. Farmers' knowledge of the soil is the result of years of coexistence with agricultural activity and has allowed them to collaborate with ethnopedology, which is therefore fundamental in the construction of this important Science. Thus, the objective of this research was to relate farmers' practices and perceptions about soil quality and production in their cultivation areas in the southeast of São Luís-MA. Information on farmers' knowledge was obtained mainly through interviews, when a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 62 farmers (32 men and 30 women), with 18 open and/or closed questions, about local soil types, indicators of soil quality, insights into plant species for identification, soil macrofauna, the influence of fire and other management practices in the agricultural system. About the hypothesis raised: Farmers' perception of soil quality influences their production. The results demonstrated that farmers use local soil types and soil quality bioindicators to improve their production, such as soil macrofauna and plants, considered the most important bioindicator, as they are well described by them. Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Zea mays (corn) were the ethnospecies that presented the highest Use Value and the highest production averages in kilograms per square meter. However, some farmers, as they no longer have physical strength or employees, do not achieve productive satisfaction, even though they have good knowledge 2024-09-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5642 Título: Variabilidade genotípica em feijão-caupi em acumular na semente o molibdênio aplicado na folhagem Abstact: The technique of producing and using seeds rich in Mo is an effective strategy for supplying this micronutrient to plants. To use molybdenum fertilizer efficiently to increase the seed Mo content (CMoS), it is necessary to know the genotypic variability in accumulating Mo in the seed. Our objective was to evaluate the variability among 20 cowpea genotypes in their ability to accumulate Mo applied to the foliage in the seed. We conducted three experiments: two with the application of 450 g/ha of Mo to the foliage, and one experiment without Mo application. This experiment was conducted to verify the CMoS when the soil is the source of Mo. The seed Mo content (TMoS) and the CMoS were determined. In the experiment without Mo, no Mo was detected in the seeds of any genotype. In experiments with Mo, the TMoS ranged from 30.2 to 47.5 µg/g and the CMoS from 5.8 to 9.7 µg/seed. The genotypes MNC11-1031E-5, MNC11-1013E-33 and MNC11-1034E-2 were in the group with the lowest CMoS in both experiments. Overall, on average across the two experiments, the largest difference in CMoS observed was 33% (MNC11-1031E-5 line compared to the BRS Guariba cultivar). Our results suggest that there is genotypic variability and high efficiency of cowpea in accumulating Mo applied to the foliage in the seed 2023-03-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/4592 Título: Descritores morfológicos e produtivos de variedades crioulas de arroz: (Oryza sativa) oriundas da agricultura familiar do estado do Maranhão Abstact: Maranhão has a large number of traditional varieties (landrace) that can significantly contribute to rice genetic breeding programs. However, there is little information about these varieties. As a result, the objective of this study was to describe the morphological and agronomic profile through qualitative and quantitative descriptors, to characterize the landrace rice varieties from family farming in the state of Maranhão. The method used was the Distinguishability, Homogeneity and Stability test (DHE tests), applied for cultivar protection certification by the National Cultivar Protection Service (SNPC) with some adjustments to the methodology. Twenty-three qualitative and three quantitative inheritance descriptors were adopted. For the qualitative inheritance descriptors, a dendrogram was elaborated, based on a dissimilarity matrix. The studies were carried out in the Diamante Negro/Jutaí settlement, located in the municipality of Igarapé-do-Meio, state of Maranhão. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 21 treatments (varieties) and fourreplications (blocks). The results for the 23 descriptors of culinary qualitative inheritance that there were representative phenotypic differences between the varieties, being the main characteristics: leaves (Green=85.71%; Erect=57.14%; Smooth=90.48%); ligule (Split=100%; Colorless to Green=100%); flag leaf (Intermediate=42.86%; Average=71.43%); internode (Light green=57.14%); stem (Long=80.95%); grain release (Easy=80.95%); panicle (Long=47.62%); lodging resistance (Strong stalk=71.43%); leaf senescence (Late=42.86%); panicle emission (Total Emission=95.24%); (Average=66.67%); motto and palea colors (Straw/Gold and Reddish both with 47.62%); sterile glume colors (Straw/Gold=100%); grain shape (Elongated=42.86%); grain class (Long-fine=47.62%); pericarp colors (White=100%). The dendrogram formed 3 distinct sets, where the III set encompassed the largest number of varieties, in addition to showing that there is dissimilarity between the varieties. The varieties Edinho, Pé Roxo, Codozinho and Palha Murcha showed the highest panicle production among the cultivated varieties. The qualitative descriptor of grain number per panicle was more expressive in the Quechi variety and the best results for number of tillers were presented by the Edinho variety. We conclude that the creole varieties present a wide diversity in characteristics, which allows adaptation to the most diverse conditions and needs of family farming 2023-05-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/4464 Título: Estrutura da comunidade de borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) na Amazônia Oriental Maranhense, Brasil Abstact: The order Lepidoptera is composed of butterflies and moths, which play an important role in ecological processes. This group of insects has been widely used in monitoring of natural environments for presenting characteristics that facilitate sampling and identification. Fragmentation and habitat destruction are among the main threats to these organisms, and the implementation of Conservation Units (UCs) is one of the strategies to protect biodiversity. This study aimed to compare the structure of frugivorous butterfly communities in three UCs: Itapiracó Environmental Protection Area (Itapiracó APA); Maracanã Environmental Protection Area (APA do Maracanã) and the Sitio do Rangedor State Park (Sítio do Rangedor), and in the Reserve owned by the Quercegen Agronegócios Company (Sítio Aguahy), and to prepare an illustrated guide to lepidopteran species. Collections were carried out between September 2019 and January 2021. Sampling followed the standardized methodology for frugivorous butterflies using Van Someren-Rydon traps. Thirty traps were used, which remained in the field for five consecutive days, being inspected every 24 hours to collect the butterflies and replace the baits. Easy-to-identify specimens were numerically marked, photographed and released. Individuals of uncertain identification and witness specimens were collected, identified and deposited in the Entomological Collection “Iraci Paiva Coelho” (CIPC) of the State University of Maranhão. A record of 2,868 individuals was obtained, 1,229 for the APA of Itapiracó, 919 for the APA of Maracanã, 379 individuals for the Sítio do Rangedor and 341 for the Sítio Aguahy. Of the 52 species recorded in this study, Taygetis laches and Opsiphanes invirae were the two most abundant with 570 and 382 individuals, respectively. Species richness, abundance, evenness and dominance were analyzed using the following estimators: Simpson1-D; Shannon-H; Equitability-J and Berger- Parker. Differences in species composition were found between the sampled areas. The Aguahy Site showed greater diversity (H'=3.13), less dominance (D'= 0.94), greater evenness (J'=0.89) and greater species richness. The Rangedor Site showed lower diversity, higher dominance and lower evenness (H'=2.10; D'=0.79; J'=0.67), respectively. For the APA of Itapiracó and APA of Maracanã, higher abundances were recorded. The data obtained indicate that there are differences in the composition of the communities of frugivorous butterflies in the study areas with different degrees of disturbance. The Butterfly Guide was composed of 25 colored boards with digital images of frugivorous and nectarivorous butterflies sampled in the Eastern Amazon of Maranhense. The species were presented on the dorsal (D) and ventral (V) face, with distinction of male (♂) and female (♀), in case of sexual dimorphism. 2021-12-30T00:00:00Z