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Distribuição espacial e temporal de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em uma regional de saúde do nordeste brasileiro, 2007-2022

2024-12-11T00:00:00Z

Título: Distribuição espacial e temporal de leishmaniose tegumentar americana em uma regional de saúde do nordeste brasileiro, 2007-2022 Abstact: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Brazil, posing a public health challenge. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of ATL in the Health Macroregion of Caxias, Maranhão, from January 2007 to December 2022. It is an ecological study that utilized data from the Notification of Compulsory Diseases Information System (SINAN). The analysis was conducted using QGIS software to generate maps and the Joinpoint regression model for temporal trends. A total of 722 cases were confirmed, with the highest incidence in 2007 (28.98 per 100,000 inhabitants). A general reduction in incidence was observed from 2007 to 2020 (APC = -7.92; p < 0.01), followed by an increase between 2020 and 2022 (APC = 53.74; p < 0.01). The majority of cases occurred in men (66%), with an age range of 40 to 64 years (36.5%). Cutaneous leishmaniasis was predominant (95.9%). ATL exhibits a heterogeneous distribution in the Caxias region, with significant spatial and temporal variability. The application of geospatial techniques may be essential for the planning and implementation of effective public policies for disease control, especially for identifying priority regions.

Terapia por ondas de choque como tratamento de tendinopatias: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

2024-11-25T00:00:00Z

Título: Terapia por ondas de choque como tratamento de tendinopatias: uma revisão integrativa da literatura Abstact: Tendinopathy consists of a series of tendon diseases with multiple pathogenesis, including traumatic injuries as well as chronic diseases. When other conservative treatments fail, shockwave therapy is used as an effective alternative to surgery. The study aimed to discuss, based on scientific evidence already published, the importance of shock wave therapy as a treatment for tendiopathies. This is an integrative literature review study carried out in the BVS, PubMed and SciELO databases, using the descriptors “Shock wave therapy”, “Tendinopathies”, “Tendon”. Articles published in the period 2019-2024, available electronically in full, with open and free access, were included. Editorials, expanded abstracts, letters to the editor, works published in event proceedings, dissertations, theses, monographs and duplicate publications were excluded. After pre-selection and search, 10 studies were part of the sample. From this review it was possible to conclude that current scientific literature reports the effectiveness of wave and shock therapy as a treatment for tendinopathies, whose patients tend to present better clinical results when compared to other invasive approaches. However, due to the existence of several instruments used to evaluate pain and functional results after shock wave therapy, efforts are necessary to standardize the creation and use of a protocol that can evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. treatment.

Antirretrovirais injetáveis de longa duração como alternativa ao tratamento do HIV - 1: uma revisão de escopo

2025-01-08T00:00:00Z

Título: Antirretrovirais injetáveis de longa duração como alternativa ao tratamento do HIV - 1: uma revisão de escopo Abstact: The HIV/AIDS epidemic, since the 1980s, has brought significant challenges to global public health. Despite advancements in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), daily adherence to treatment still faces barriers such as social stigma, viral resistance, and logistical difficulties. In this context, long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapies have emerged as a promising alternative, reducing the frequency of administrations and potentially increasing treatment adherence. This study presents a scoping review on the use of these medications in the management of HIV, focusing on the combination of cabotegravir and rilpivirine, as evaluated in recent studies. The analysis included 18 articles published between 2020 and 2024, highlighting the clinical efficacy, safety, patient acceptability, and economic feasibility of these therapies. The results indicated high efficacy in maintaining viral suppression, improved treatment adherence, and reduced stigma associated with daily medication use. Although promising, these formulations still face challenges, such as the risk of resistance linked to the pharmacokinetic tail and logistical issues related to their implementation in Brazil. It is concluded that long-acting injectable antiretrovirals represent a significant innovation in HIV treatment, with the potential to improve patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Future studies should explore their feasibility within the context of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and among specific populations in Brazil

Análise epidemiológica dos casos de hanseníase no estado do maranhão entre 2018 e 2022

2024-12-20T00:00:00Z

Título: Análise epidemiológica dos casos de hanseníase no estado do maranhão entre 2018 e 2022 Abstact: Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of leprosy cases in the state of Maranhão between 2018 and 2022. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study that used secondary data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) from June 1 to 30, 2024. The variables analyzed were sex, race, education, age group, clinical form of the disease, operational classification, therapeutic regimen, health region, percentage of reactive episodes, and degree of disability at the end of treatment. Results and discussion: With a total of 16.514 cases of leprosy diagnoses registered during the historical period from 2018 to 2022, the state of Maranhão appears as the federative entity with the highest number of registered cases among the nine states in the Brazilian Northeast region. Despite a decrease in the last three years of the historical period, the number of cases of leprosy diagnoses registered in Maranhão is consistently high. Maranhão also follows the trend of the region by indicating men as the group with the highest prevalence of the disease in the region. Additionally, the age group of 40 to 49 years was the most affected by the disease during the period in absolute numbers (17.63%). It is worth noting that the age groups between 30 and 59 years together accounted for more than 50% of the reported cases, highlighting the predominance of the disease among the economically active population in the state of Maranhão. Furthermore, the most affected patients during this period, in a markedly disproportionate manner, were individuals identified as mixed race, representing 68.35% of the recorded diagnoses, followed by individuals identified as Black, Who accounted for 15.61% of the cases. Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis of leprosy in the state of Maranhão between 2018 and 2022 also revealed significant aspects about the evolution of the disease in the region, highlighting both the advances and the challenges persisting in controlling the disease. Maranhão, which has the highest incidence rates of the disease in the Northeast, not only maintained, but also recorded a high number of cases throughout the analyzed period, evidencing a situation of high endemicity.