https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1900 2026-06-18T23:32:39Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6194 Título: Efeitos da densidade de plantas no enriquecimento dos grãos do feijão-mungo-verde com zinco Abstact: In Maranhão, family farmers consider legumes, mainly beans, as a viable option, as is the case with the cultivation of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Because it is a little-known crop in Maranhão, it is necessary to develop technologies and management practices appropriate to the cultivation of the species. Our hypothesis is that increasing plant density and applying zinc (Zn) in the planting furrow and on the foliage of mung bean increases the Zn content in the grains and productivity. Our objective was to evaluate the combined effects of plant densities and levels of Zn applied in the planting furrow and on the foliage on grain productivity and the enrichment of mung bean grains with Zn. Two field trials were conducted, one in São Luís/MA and the other in Chapadinha/MA. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (4 x 2): plant densities (8, 12, 16 or 20 plants/m), and levels of Zn applied in the planting furrow and on the foliage (0 or 9 kg/ha of Zn). A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The Camaleão cultivar was used. The following were analyzed: emergence, initial stand, beginning of flowering, appearance of the first mature pod, plant height, leaf area index, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, dry plant mass, N content in the leaves, grain yield, harvest index and Zn content in the grains. The average Zn content in the grains of plants that received Zn was 17% higher than the average Zn content in the grains of plants that did not receive Zn. With Zn, plant densities did not influence productivity (average = 926 kg ha-1). Without Zn, the average productivity at densities of 12 and 16 plants/m was 31.7% higher than the average productivity at a density of 8 plants/m. At a density of 8 plants/m, Zn increased productivity by 18.6% compared to the control. Our results suggest that, in mung bean cultivation in Maranhão, the application of 9 kg/ha of Zn applied to the soil and foliage is sufficient to enrich the grains with Zn, regardless of plant density. To maximize the productivity of mung bean grains, our results suggest that farmers can use a density of 8 plants/m with Zn fertilization in the soil and foliage or use densities of 12 and 16 plants/m without Zn fertilization. 2024-03-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5686 Título: A percepção de agricultores familiares sobre indicadores da qualidade do solo em comunidades da zona rural de São Luís - MA) Abstact: Increasing production in agricultural systems requires a lot of understanding of how farmers develop and use their knowledge about local soil types and bioindicators of soil quality, such as insights into plant species and macrofauna. Farmers' knowledge of the soil is the result of years of coexistence with agricultural activity and has allowed them to collaborate with ethnopedology, which is therefore fundamental in the construction of this important Science. Thus, the objective of this research was to relate farmers' practices and perceptions about soil quality and production in their cultivation areas in the southeast of São Luís-MA. Information on farmers' knowledge was obtained mainly through interviews, when a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 62 farmers (32 men and 30 women), with 18 open and/or closed questions, about local soil types, indicators of soil quality, insights into plant species for identification, soil macrofauna, the influence of fire and other management practices in the agricultural system. About the hypothesis raised: Farmers' perception of soil quality influences their production. The results demonstrated that farmers use local soil types and soil quality bioindicators to improve their production, such as soil macrofauna and plants, considered the most important bioindicator, as they are well described by them. Manihot esculenta (cassava) and Zea mays (corn) were the ethnospecies that presented the highest Use Value and the highest production averages in kilograms per square meter. However, some farmers, as they no longer have physical strength or employees, do not achieve productive satisfaction, even though they have good knowledge 2024-09-30T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5642 Título: Variabilidade genotípica em feijão-caupi em acumular na semente o molibdênio aplicado na folhagem Abstact: The technique of producing and using seeds rich in Mo is an effective strategy for supplying this micronutrient to plants. To use molybdenum fertilizer efficiently to increase the seed Mo content (CMoS), it is necessary to know the genotypic variability in accumulating Mo in the seed. Our objective was to evaluate the variability among 20 cowpea genotypes in their ability to accumulate Mo applied to the foliage in the seed. We conducted three experiments: two with the application of 450 g/ha of Mo to the foliage, and one experiment without Mo application. This experiment was conducted to verify the CMoS when the soil is the source of Mo. The seed Mo content (TMoS) and the CMoS were determined. In the experiment without Mo, no Mo was detected in the seeds of any genotype. In experiments with Mo, the TMoS ranged from 30.2 to 47.5 µg/g and the CMoS from 5.8 to 9.7 µg/seed. The genotypes MNC11-1031E-5, MNC11-1013E-33 and MNC11-1034E-2 were in the group with the lowest CMoS in both experiments. Overall, on average across the two experiments, the largest difference in CMoS observed was 33% (MNC11-1031E-5 line compared to the BRS Guariba cultivar). Our results suggest that there is genotypic variability and high efficiency of cowpea in accumulating Mo applied to the foliage in the seed 2023-03-03T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/5342 Título: Biofortificação agronômica com zinco em cultivares de feijão-caupi: estratégia para a agricultura familiar maranhens Abstact: Agronomic biofortification with zinc (Zn) is an efficient and affordable technique for increasing Zn content in foods. Studies with cowpea (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba) demonstrated that applying 5 kg/ha of Zn to the soil and 4 kg/ha to the foliage increased yield by 18-19%, Zn content by 12-25%, and reduced stink bug infestations. This technique improves the nutritional quality, pest resistance, and sustainable productivity of cowpea. Furthermore, these same studies, conducted in 2022 with cowpea cultivars (BRS Novaera, BRS Itaim, and BRS Guariba), demonstrated that the results showed reductions of 25.8% to 39.6% in infestation in cultivars treated with Zn. The BRS Guariba cultivar showed lower infestation, indicating greater resistance. This technique is effective for controlling pests and improving agricultural sustainability 2024-03-29T00:00:00Z