https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/1899 2026-09-21T20:13:02Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6762 Título: Bactérias pulmonares de morcegos do cerrado brasileiro: diversidade e suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos Abstact: Bats play key ecological roles, with broad adaptability to different environments, favoring contact with humans and mitigating the role of these animals as potential reservoirs of pathogens. Pathogenic bacteria, already isolated from bats such as Bartonella spp., Leptospira sp., Rickettsia rickettsii, and Escherichia coli, reinforce the importance of investigating the biology, ecology, and health relevance of these animals. Recent studies show that, contrary to what was previously believed, lungs are not sterile and can harbor stable bacterial communities with important functions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the composition of the lung microbiota of bats from the Brazilian Cerrado and determine the susceptibility profile of isolated bacterial strains to antimicrobials. The bats were collected using mist nets in the municipalities of Caxias/MA, Floriano/PI, and Barão de Grajaú/MA, all of which belong to the Cerrado biome, and were sent to the Genetics Laboratory/LABGEN, based at the GENBIMOL UEMA complex, Caxias Campus, for subsequent laboratory procedures to identify the bat species and obtain the pulmonary bacteria. Lung bacteria were obtained using two approaches: a culture-independent approach and a culture-dependent approach. In the culture-independent approach, DNA was extracted directly from the bats' lung tissue, followed by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene to verify the presence or absence of bacteria. In the culture-dependent approach, a swab was taken from the lung, and the bacteria were cultured on plates containing sheep blood agar, nutrient agar, eosin-methylene blue agar, and Mueller- Hinton agar. DNA was extracted from the cultured bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Penicillin was added to the nutrient agar to select bacteria resistant to β-lactams, and resistance to other antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer) on Mueller–Hinton agar. Morphological, molecular, and ecological markers were used to identify and classify the bats. As a result, 21 bat species were recorded in the sampled municipalities, distributed across five families, with a predominance of the species Carollia perspicillata, family Phyllostomidae. Of the 21 species recorded, 11 showed bacterial presence, where molecular analysis of the lungs confirmed the presence of bacterial DNA in eight bat species: Rhynophylla pumilio, Molossus molossus, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus cinereus, Phyllostomus hastatus, Glossophaga soricina, Sturnira lilium, Artibeus planirostris, and plaque analysis in four species, namely: Eumops glaucinus, Myotis riparius, C. perspicillata, and Artibeus lituratus. Only four bacterial species were isolated from the 11 bat species: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter spp., and Gordonia spp., the latter being recorded for the first time in bat lungs. It was possible to isolate and identify bacteria that presented distinct antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, with emphasis on resistance to penicillin and other β-lactams, as well as an intermediate response to polymyxin B by Acinetobacter spp., suggesting the occurrence of adaptive mechanisms even in non-clinical environments. 2026-02-13T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6690 Título: Aspectos fisiológicos de Cedrela fissilis Vellozo germinada in vitro sob condições de ventilação natural Abstact: Deforestation and rising atmospheric CO₂ levels threaten valuable tree species such as Cedrela fissilis. In this context, in vitro culture associated with natural ventilation in photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic systems represents a promising alternative for its conservation. Therefore, it is relevant to investigate how different in vitro cultivation strategies may affect the performance of this species under controlled conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic systems with natural ventilation on the development and physiological and anatomical characteristics of C. fissilis plants germinated in vitro. Seeds were disinfected and inoculated under different growing conditions, and two experiments were conducted: (E-I) a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design evaluating sucrose concentrations (0 or 20 g L⁻¹), agar (0 or 5.5 g L⁻¹), and porous membranes (absence or presence). Germination parameters (% germination, % seedling formation, mean germination time—MGT, and mean seedling formation time—MSFT), growth traits (hypocotyl, shoot and primary root length; number of leaves, nodes, and roots), photosynthetic pigment contents, and anatomical traits (micromorphometry) were assessed. (E-II) a 2 × 2 factorial design evaluating the number of porous membranes (2 or 4) and CO₂ concentration ([CO₂], 420 or 800 ppm). The same growth and physiological analyses as in E-I were performed, with the addition of relative water content (RWC). In E-I, the presence of porous membranes enhanced seedling development in both culture media, particularly in the semisolid medium, which produced plants with superior growth and intense leaf greening even without sucrose supplementation. Sucrose supplementation (20 g L⁻¹) promoted improved plant development, especially when combined with membranes, resulting in greater fresh and dry biomass of shoots and roots, increased hypocotyl and shoot length, higher numbers of nodes and roots, and greater leaf area. Additionally, the membrane significantly increased chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations in C. fissilis plants. In E-II, increasing [CO₂] to 800 ppm and higher membrane permeability (four membranes) promoted greater shoot growth, higher dry biomass, larger leaf area, and increased numbers of lateral roots. Maximum root length and stem diameter were not affected, whereas root diameter varied depending on the interaction between CO₂ and permeability. Photochemical parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F₀, RC/ABS, and PI) remained stable, indicating preserved photosystem II functionality. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents increased with higher [CO₂] and permeability, whereas chlorophyll b remained unchanged. Carotenoids showed variable responses, with reductions under high permeability and elevated CO₂. Overall, combining porous membranes with semisolid medium, sucrose supplementation, elevated [CO₂] (800 ppm), and higher membrane permeability enhanced growth, biomass accumulation, and physiological performance of C. fissilis in vitro without impairing photochemical function. These strategies optimize the cultivation environment and support the micropropagation and acclimatization of the species. 2025-10-10T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6686 Título: Morfofisiologia da bananeira cv. Williams cultivada in vitro em diferentes intensidades da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e concentrações de sacarose Abstact: The banana plant (Musa spp.) is a tropical fruit crop of great economic and social importance. However, the expansion of its cultivation is mainly limited by conventional propagation methods, making micropropagation a fundamental strategy for the largescale production of seedlings with high phytosanitary quality. In this context, adjusting the sucrose concentration and the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in in vitro cultivation contributes to optimizing photosynthetic efficiency and seedling growth. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of sucrose concentration and PAR on the photosynthetic machinery and in vitro growth of the ‘Williams’ banana plant, as well as the effects of these factors on the seedling acclimation phase. Thus, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 3x3 factorial scheme, corresponding to the combination of three sucrose concentrations (0, 15, and 30 g L⁻¹) with three PAR intensities (60, 120, and 180 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹). After 30 days of in vitro cultivation, growth, gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, pigments, and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that the total absence of sucrose, regardless of the PAR intensity, limited biomass production and seedling growth. However, treatments with the combination of 120 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ of RFA and 15 g L⁻¹ of sucrose, and the treatment with the combination of 180 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 30 g L⁻¹ of sucrose, provided improvements in the photosynthetic process and growth, with higher values of photosynthetic index and higher contents of photosynthetic pigments, and an increase in shoot length, leaf area, and shoot fresh mass. After the in vitro cultivation period, the seedlings were transferred to a greenhouse, where they remained for 30 days in the acclimatization phase. In this ex vitro phase, 100% seedling survival was observed, regardless of the treatments applied in the in vitro stage. However, the growth and vigor of seedlings under ex vitro conditions were influenced by the interaction between the intensity of PAR and the sucrose concentration used during in vitro cultivation, with better performance in treatments with 120 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ associated with 15 g L⁻¹ of sucrose and 180 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ associated with 30 g L⁻¹. Thus, it is concluded that the photomixotrophic cultivation of the banana var. ‘Williams’, under PAR of 120 and 180 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and with sucrose concentrations of 15 and 30 g L⁻¹, favors photosynthetic efficiency and growth, both in the in vitro phase and during acclimation, and constitutes an efficient strategy for micropropagation systems of this variety. 2026-02-26T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6649 Título: Enriquecimento com CO₂ no cultivo "in vitro" fotoautotrófico de abacaxis ‘Pérola’ e ‘Turipaz’: impactos na aclimatização, na anatomia e na fotossíntese Abstact: In vitro micropropagation is a widely used strategy for clonal plant multiplication; however, conventional culture systems impose physiological constraints associated with the artificial microenvironment, which limit carbon assimilation and delay the acquisition of autotrophy. In this context, CO􁁷 enrichment emerges as a promising approach to mitigate these limitations by inducing metabolic, anatomical, and functional adjustments in plants. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CO􁁷 enrichment during photoautotrophic in vitro culture on growth, carbon-related attributes, and leaf micromorphometric traits of Ananas comosus cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘Turipaz’, as well as to assess how these responses are expressed during ex vitro acclimatization. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, combining two cultivars (‘Pérola’ and ‘Turipaz’) and two [CO􁁷], aCO􁁷 420 ± 30 μmol mol⁻¹) and eCO􁁷 (800 ± 30 μmol mol⁻¹), for 50 days of in vitro culture, followed by 50 days of ex vitro acclimatization. CO􁁷 enrichment significantly increased shoot and root length, leaf number, rosette diameter, leaf area, and shoot fresh and dry biomass in both cultivars, while specific leaf mass was not affected. Root biomass exhibited a genotype-dependent response, with higher values in ‘Turipaz’ under aCO􁁷, whereas eCO􁁷 increased root fresh biomass only in ‘Pérola’, with no effect on root dry biomass. CO􁁷 enrichment increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents in both cultivars, with consistently higher total chlorophyll values in ‘Turipaz’. Photosynthetic performance was enhanced under eCO􁁷, as indicated by increases in net CO􁁷 A, gs, Ci, Ci/Ca, and PI, without changes in A/Ci or A/gs. TSC content increased markedly under eCO􁁷, with higher values in ‘Pérola’ at both [CO􁁷]. CO􁁷 enrichment promoted leaf anatomical modifications, including increased thickness of the epidermal layers, aquifer parenchyma, chlorophyll parenchyma, and vascular bundles, with tissue- and genotype-dependent responses under aCO􁁷 that were attenuated under eCO􁁷. During ex vitro acclimatization, plants derived from eCO􁁷-grown cultures maintained greater growth, biomass accumulation, pigment contents, total soluble carbohydrates, and part of the evaluated anatomical traits, with overall greater vigor observed in the cultivar ‘Turipaz’. In conclusion, CO􁁷 acts as a key variable in photoautotrophic in vitro micropropagation systems for pineapple by modulating plant morphophysiological trajectories during in vitro culture and positively conditioning plant performance during ex vitro acclimatization, reinforcing the importance of integrated approaches that consider functional continuity between these two phases of the propagation process 2026-02-23T00:00:00Z