https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/2054 2026-07-23T23:29:04Z 2026-07-23T23:29:04Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6311 2026-07-22T12:48:27Z 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z

Título: Diagnóstico socioeconômico das quebradeiras de coco de Bacabal- MA: uma análise dos impactos do programa Sociobio Mais. Abstact: The extraction of babassu coconut (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng) in the state of Maranhão constitutes an activity of high socioeconomic and environmental relevance, carried out primarily by the babassu coconut breakers, who play a central role in the productive chain and in the conservation of babassu groves. Despite this importance, this social group faces persistent socioeconomic vulnerabilities, such as labor informality and low levels of schooling, which highlights the need to assess the effectiveness of public policies aimed at sociobiodiversity. In this context, the present study aimed to diagnose the socioeconomic profile of babassu coconut breakers in the municipality of Bacabal, Maranhão, and to analyze the impacts of the Sociobio Mais Program on their living and working conditions. The research adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, using questionnaires and interviews applied to local workers. The specific objectives included characterizing the participants’ sociodemographic profile, analyzing their perceptions of the program, and evaluating the relevance of babassu extraction to household income composition. The results indicated that most coconut breakers have low levels of formal education and rely predominantly on extractivism as their main source of income, despite its seasonal nature. The analysis of the impacts of the Sociobio Mais Program revealed advances in productive organization and income diversification, especially due to the guarantee of minimum prices and access to a more secure market. However, significant challenges were identified, including bureaucratic obstacles to accessing resources and logistical limitations for the distribution of production. It is concluded that the Sociobio Mais Program represents an important instrument in combating poverty and strengthening women’s empowerment, although its effectiveness could be enhanced through the simplification of access procedures and improvements in support infrastructure. The study provides an updated and contextualized diagnosis, contributing to the formulation of more effective public policies aligned with the reality of extractive communities in Bacabal, Maranhão.

2025-12-17T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6310 2026-07-20T21:33:07Z 2025-12-18T00:00:00Z

Título: Distribuição geográfica de Desmodus rotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) no Estado do Maranhão: uma revisão de literatura Abstact: Bats perform essential ecological roles and represent one of the most diverse groups of mammals on the planet. Among chiropterans, Desmodus rotundus stands out for being the only hematophagous species that feeds exclusively on the blood of mammals. It has a wide distribution throughout Latin America and significant epidemiological relevance, as it is the main wild reservoir and transmitter of the rabies virus to domestic herbivores. In Maranhão, understanding the distribution of D. rotundus is crucial, especially considering current environmental changes, agricultural expansion, and the recurrence of rabies outbreaks, which generate significant economic and sanitary impacts. Given this context, this study aimed to analyze the geographic distribution of the species in the state, compiling capture records available in the literature and in scientific databases. The theoretical framework included biological and ecological aspects of hematophagous bats, behavioral characteristics of D. rotundus, its relationship with the rabies virus, and distribution modeling approaches used to understand spatial and environmental patterns associated with the species. The methodology was based on data collection from articles, book chapters, scientific reports, and platforms such as Google Scholar, SciELO, GBIF, SiBBr, and the collection of the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Biological and Health Sciences (LAMBios). The geographic coordinates of the records were obtained manually and later imported into the R software, where maps and graphs were produced to represent the spatial and temporal distribution of the species in Maranhão. A total of 123 individuals were identified across 19 municipalities, with the highest capture records concentrated in the northern and eastern regions of the state, especially in São Luís, Chapadinha, and Codó. Temporal analysis revealed marked peaks in captures during the years 2014 and 2016, while other years showed few or no records, suggesting probable oscillations in field effort, environmental conditions, or population dynamics. The observed patterns suggest that the presence of D. rotundus is associated with the availability of natural and artificial roosts, the presence of domestic livestock, deforested areas, and peri-urban environments that facilitate the species’ movement and permanence. It was also found that regions with more captures coincide with locations historically affected by rabies in herbivores, reinforcing the epidemiological relevance of the study. Therefore, this work contributes to the understanding of the geographic distribution of D. rotundus in Maranhão, providing support for epidemiological surveillance actions, population management, and rabies prevention. The findings also emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring and research that consider environmental, climatic, and socioeconomic factors to deepen knowledge about the species.

2025-12-18T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6309 2026-07-20T21:10:34Z 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z

Título: Potenciais fontes geradoras de contaminação hídrica no Rio Mearim e seus impactos na saúde pública: estudo de caso na cidade de Bacabal, Maranhão Abstact: We know that water is the essential element for the survival of all organisms. It regulates the entire physiology of any living being's body, and similarly, it is present in all human activities, ranging from food production to energy generation, such as in hydroelectric power plants. Water treatment and supply is guaranteed by law in Brazil; however, not all regions of the country have access to clean, treated water. Therefore, the justification for this research is based on the need to provide health and well-being for the population, as well as to conserve and protect the environment and the biodiversity of aquatic elements. The objective of the study was to analyze the potential sources of water contamination in the Mearim River and their impacts on public health. Among the main problems identified are sewage discharge, deforestation of riparian vegetation, erosion, and the accumulation and burning of garbage on the riverbanks. Data collection was initially based on bibliographic research in articles, academic journals, and national databases during the months of February, March, April, and May. Onsite observations were also conducted, in addition to photographic records taken around the studied river (showing possible polluting factors). Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using a questionnaire via Google Forms for research purposes. This questionnaire had a total of 17 questions divided into four thematic areas with sub-themes within each area. Approximately 95.7% of participants reported having access to potable water in their homes, and that the most frequently used source is the public water supply. About 79 participants stated that they consider the lack of sanitation to be a problem that directly affects public health. Regarding public management and improvements in basic sanitation, approximately 80 participants reported that efforts are still lacking to resolve the problems caused by the absence of basic sanitation. Residents believe that actions such as sewage treatment and environmental education can help preserve and improve the river. This work aims to promote knowledge about waterborne diseases, contribute to reducing the contamination of the Mearim River, and promote public health and environmental conservation in the city of Bacabal.

2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.uema.br/jspui/handle/123456789/6308 2026-07-21T18:22:58Z 2025-12-17T00:00:00Z

Título: Identificação de espécies arbóreas de arborização urbana: análise sobre possíveis utilizações nas praças públicas de São Luís Gonzaga – MA Abstact: Urban afforestation is a fundamental element for promoting the environmental, social, and aesthetic quality of cities. This work aimed to carry out a botanical inventory of tree species present in urban squares in the municipality of São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão, as well as the creation of a botanical list of tree species for urban afforestation purposes in the city. The research, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, was developed through field surveys, recording the identification of species, their origin (native or exotic), and distribution in the squares through the quantification of the plants currently existing in the squares. Based on the results observed in the public squares of São Luís Gonzaga-MA, a homogenization of existing tree species was identified, with a total of 93 large trees distributed in the 10 (ten) squares of the urban center. Of these 93 species, 63 comprise the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), totaling 67.7% of the total species, which is an exotic species. The results provided a detailed characterization of the floristic composition of these spaces, identifying the predominance of certain species, as well as pointing out situations of inadequate management, the presence of exotic species, and phytosanitary problems. The study contributes as a support tool for the planning and management of urban tree planting in the municipality, in addition to promoting the appreciation of local flora and strengthening sustainable practices in public spaces. It is recommended that the data obtained be used to support future actions for planting, managing, and conserving urban trees in São Luís Gonzaga do Maranhão.

2025-12-17T00:00:00Z