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Estudo bacteriológico do complexo de doenças respiratórias em bezerros (CDRB) leiteiros do estado do Maranhão

2026-06-12T13:44:50Z

Título: Estudo bacteriológico do complexo de doenças respiratórias em bezerros (CDRB) leiteiros do estado do Maranhão Abstact: This work aimed to carry out the bacteriological study of the bacterial agents involved in the complex of respiratory diseases of calves (CDRB) in the state of Maranhão. A total of 550 calves, distributed among 29 herds, were evaluated, obtaining a total of 45 samples of animals with a clinical picture suggestive of CDRB, representing a frequency of 8.18% (n=45). The frequency of positive herds was 44.82% (n=13) and that of municipalities was 63.63% (n=7). Samples were collected by nasal swab and were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Of the 45 samples, 37 showed bacterial growth on plates. From the cultivated colonies, Gram staining, biochemical tests and antibiogram were performed. The bacteria Mannheimia haemolytica 24.32% (n=9), Pasteurella multocida 18.91% (n=7), Histophilus somni 2.70% (n=1), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae 2.70% (n=1), Yersinia sp. 5.40% (n=2), Corynebacterium sp. 5.40% (n=2), Moraxella bovis 21.62% (n=8), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.7% (n=1), Staphylococcus sp. % (n=4), Streptococcus sp. 2.70% (n=1), and Arcanobacterium sp. 2.70% (n=1). In the antibiogram, all isolates showed sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (30 μcg), amoxicillin (10 μcg), erythromycin (15 μcg), ceftiofur (30 μcg) and tetracycline (30 μcg) 100% (n=37). The herds visited were georeferenced and the positive animals came from the following municipalities: São João do Caru, Itapecuru- Mirim, Araioses, Bernardo do Mearim, Lima Campos, Igarapé Grande and Poção de Pedra. Thus, it was concluded that CDRB is present in dairy herds in the state of Maranhão and the following bacteria were isolated: Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida., Histophilus somni, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Corynebacterium sp., Moraxella bovis, Yersínia sp., Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Arcanobacterium sp.

Uma avaliação refinada da população e ocupação de dois felinos ameaçados de extinção: o gato-tigre-do-norte (Leopardus tigrinus) e o gato-dos-campos (Leopardus colocola) nos cerrados do Brasil.

2026-03-05T13:56:53Z

Título: Uma avaliação refinada da população e ocupação de dois felinos ameaçados de extinção: o gato-tigre-do-norte (Leopardus tigrinus) e o gato-dos-campos (Leopardus colocola) nos cerrados do Brasil. Abstact: The northern tiger cat (Leopardus tigrinus) is one of Brazil’s least studied felids, with no published population density estimates. A potential key conservation unit for the species is Mirador State Park (MSP) in NE Brazil, an area that also hosts humans and domestic dogs. Therefore, we assessed the park’s importance in terms of tiger cat conservation and whether domestic dogs present a threat to the survival of this species. We stablished 52 camera trap stations at three sites and monitored them for a total of 5,030 trap-days. We calculated population densities using spatial and nonspatial methods and relative abundances in MSP and extrapolated these results to the other protected areas and corridor that comprise the northern portion of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve. We conducted a population viability analysis for tiger cats in the park and assessed the potential impact of domestic dogs. The tiger cat density estimates were 0.12 and 0.25 individuals/km2 (nonspatial) and 0.087 and 0.11 individuals/km2 (spatial), whereas the relative abundances ranged from 0.124-2.168 individuals/100 trap-nights. The tiger cat population was estimated at 287 individuals, with 0% extinction probability within the next 100 and 1,000 years, but only in scenarios of mild to no disease outbreaks. Large outbreaks or habitat loss will be detrimental to species survival in the area. Domestic dogs were detected at 80% of the stations where tiger cats were observed. The threat of disease transmission by domestic dogs potentially impacts 65% of the park and seems to be the primary threat for the species there. The northern tiger cat population was estimated at approximately 700 individuals in the entire protected area of the northern savannas, which together with the additional corridor of the Cerrado Biosphere Reserve could yield up to 2,000-3,000 individuals. Our results provide the first published density estimates of tiger cats and confirm the potential threat of domestic dogs to this felid in Mirador, thereby confirming the park’s importance as a key area for tiger cat conservation and the need for 15 conservation actions. Given its density and abundance of tiger cats, as well as 50 its area size, compared to other locations in the northern savannas, MSP may be the most important site for the worldwide, long-term conservation of Leopardus tigrinus

Avicultura de corte comercial na Ilha do Maranhão: perfil socioeconômico, produtivo e utilização de cama de aviário

2026-01-20T13:49:34Z

Título: Avicultura de corte comercial na Ilha do Maranhão: perfil socioeconômico, produtivo e utilização de cama de aviário Abstact: The objective of this research was to characterize the socioeconomic and productive profile of commercial poultry in the Island of Maranhão - MA and to report the sanitary episode of avian litter intake by cattle, epidemiologically characterizing the sanitary situation and the sanitation measures implemented. In order to reach the objectives of this study, 10 commercial broiler breeders registered at the State Agency of Agricultural and Livestock Defense of the State of Maranhão were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. E, used 119 cattle from a rural property located in the municipality of São José de Ribamar - MA. As a basic research instrument (questionnaires) it was possible to determine some characteristics of poultry farming, such as: profile of poultry producers; characteristics of properties; performance of the activity; and, production, use and marketing of aviary bed. With the results obtained in this study we observed a new organization of the production chain of broilers in the study area. Thus, there is a producer with a differentiated profile in the Island of Maranhão, characterized by production in partnership with integrating companies and employment of hired labor, characterizing an industrial-type poultry; incorporation of producers with larger land areas and greater bird housing capacity; and, the presence of technical assistance that is reverted in improvement of the sanitary state and, consequently, in the indicators of productive performance. As for the sanitary episode, this was the result of an anonymous complaint about the supply of poultry litter as feed for cattle. After 72 hours of the complaint, property inspection and collection of feed samples were carried out. The collected material was sent to the National Agricultural Laboratory of Santa Catarina for the detection or not of by-products of animal origin. In the initial inspection to the rural property was verified the presence of aviary bed supplied to the cattle as food. And, the laboratory result was detected the presence of uncalcined bones, non-hydrolyzed feathers and blood, which proves the feeding of the animals with byproducts of animal origin. The data obtained in this study show that commercial poultry farming in the Island of Maranhão has great potential for expansion, mainly based on grain supply, climate, favorable topography and good infrastructure. However, there is a need to establish incentive measures for poultry farms focused on health education, taking into account the production, use and commercialization of poultry litter and the risks arising from them in ruminant feeding. It is suggested the intensification in the active inspections in ruminant rearing properties and the control in the transit of the aviary bed that appears in the documentation the purpose of use of this byproduct.

Estudo epidemiológico, espacial, molecular e sorológico de Leishmania infantum em cães domésticos no município de Belágua, cerrado maranhense

2026-01-20T13:28:02Z

Título: Estudo epidemiológico, espacial, molecular e sorológico de Leishmania infantum em cães domésticos no município de Belágua, cerrado maranhense Abstact: Leishmaniosis is a great public health. The disease develops in a complex dynamics that involves environmental, biological and ecological factors that allow the interaction between the parasite, the vector and the host, besides socio economic factor. The objective was to perform na epidemiological, spacial, molecular and serologial study of Leishmania infantum in domestic dogs in the municipality of Belágua, located in Maranhão state. A total of 205 blood samples were collected, questionnaires were applied to the owners in order to obtain epidemiological data and risk factors of this zoonosis and geographic coordinates of the site of samples collection to make a risk map of the disease. For serological diagnosis the samples were submitted to the Indirect Imunifluorescence Test (IFAT), and DNA was extracted to perform the Polimerase Chain Recation (PCR) for molecular investigation. From the total of samples collected 122 (59.51%) were seropositives for Leishmania infantum by IFAT, with titer varying from 80 to 1.280. One dog was positive for IFAT and PCR. In the clinical evaluation it was observed that from the seropositives dogs, 112 (91.80%) were symptomatic e 10 (5.46%) were asymptomatic. In the special analysis, the Kernel density estimator allowed to determine the local major risk for the disease occurrence being the areas of greater concentration of cases were in the neighborhoods of greater number of precarious houses and with lack of basic sanitation. The results demonstrated an association statistically significant ((p<0.05) for the variable presence of organic matter in the environment. This is the first report of L. infantum in dogs in the municipality of Belágua and it is important since it could be an increasing risk for human infection.